Ukufanisa i-impedance ye-Waveguideinqubo yokunciphisa ukungaqhubeki kukagesi phakathi kwe-waveguide kanye nengxenye exhunywe kuyo. Uma ama-impedances engahambisani, ingxenye yesignali ye-microwave yesigameko ibonakala ibheke emthonjeni. Umphumela uba yi-VSWR ephezulu, amandla amancane alethwa emthwalweni kanye nokusebenza kwesistimu okungabikezeleki kangako.
Ngokungafani nomugqa we-coaxial, i-waveguide engenalutho ayivamisile ukusebenzisa ama-resistors ahlanganisiwe noma ama-stubs omugqa wokudlulisela ukuze ifane. Esikhundleni salokho, abaklami babumba insimu ye-electromagnetic ngama-irises, izinsika, izikulufo zokulungisa, ama-taper, ukuguqulwa, imithwalo efanisiwe kanye nama-flange interfaces aklanywe ngokucophelela. Indlela efanele kakhulu incike emvamisa yokusebenza, i-bandwidth, izinga lamandla, usayizi we-waveguide nokuthi ukulungiswa kumele kulungiswe noma kungashintshwa.
Kungani i-Waveguide Impedance Matching Matters
Noma yiluphi ushintsho olusheshayo ku-geometry ye-waveguide lungaphazamisa ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu futhi ludale igagasi elibonakalayo. Ukuhlanganiswa okufanelana kahle kusiza:
- ukunciphisa amandla abonakalayo kanye ne-VSWR;
- thuthukisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla phakathi komthombo, indlela yokudlulisela kanye nomthwalo;
- vikela imithombo yama-microwave enamandla amakhulu emandleni abonakalayo ngokweqile;
- ukulinganisa okuzinzile okwenziwe ngama-antenna, ama-adapter, imithwalo kanye nezinye izingxenye ze-waveguide;
- gcina ukusebenza okuphindaphindwayo kuyo yonke ibhendi yemvamisa edingekayo.
Imithombo evamile yokungafani ihlanganisa izinguquko kusayizi we-waveguide, ukugoba, izinyathelo, ama-probe, ukuguqulwa okungaphelele, izikhala ze-flange, ukungalungi kahle kanye nomthwalo o-impedance yawo ihlukile ku-impedance yemodi ye-waveguide.
isithombe 1: Ama-iris e-Waveguide kanye ne-equivalent circuit,(a)Capacitive;(b)inductive;(c)resonant.
1. Ama-Irises e-Waveguide: Ukufaniswa Okunamandla, Okushukumisayo Nokuzwakalayo
I-iris eqondisa amaza iyi-diaphragm encane eqhubayo ebekwe ngaphesheya kwengxenye yomhlahlandlela. Ngokushintsha insimu kagesi noma yamagnetic yendawo, i-iris iveza ukusabela kwe-shunt okulawulwayo okungabuyisela ukusabela kokungaqhubeki noma umthwalo.
I-iris enamandla
I-iris enekhono igxilisa insimu kagesi endaweni encane. Amandla ensimu kagesi akhuphukile akhiqiza umphumela wokusebenza endaweni efanayo. Ingasetshenziswa lapho ukunqamuka okukhona kudinga ukubuyisa ukusabela okubangelwa yi-inductive.
I-iris ekhuthazayo
I-iris evundisayo ishintsha indlela yamandla angaphezulu komhlaba futhi ikhulisa amandla e-magnetic-field azungeze umgodi. Ukuqina kwayo okuvundisayo kungamelana nokungalingani kwe-capacitive. Ubukhulu bokuvuleka kanye nendawo yayo eceleni komhlahlandlela kunquma amandla okulungiswa.
I-iris ecwebezelayo
I-iris ecwebezelayo ihlanganisa imiphumela enamandla kanye neyokushukumisa. Ngesikhathi sokuklama, imiphumela emibili ingalingana ukuze imodi ebusayo idlule ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa okuncane. Kude ne-resonance, isakhiwo esifanayo singase sinikeze nokukhetha kwemvamisa noma imodi.
Ama-irise aqinile futhi azinzile ngokomshini, kodwa ngokuvamile ahlala eqinile ngemva kokukhiqizwa. Ngakho-ke ubukhulu bawo kufanele buklanyelwe ibhendi ye-waveguide ehlosiwe, imodi yokusebenza kanye ne-bandwidth kunokuba kulungiswe ngemva kokuhlanganiswa.
isithombe 2:(a)izigxobo zomhlahlandlela wamagagasi;(b)umshini wokufanisa izikulufo ezimbili
2. Izigxobo Zokulungisa kanye Nezikulufo
Isikulufu sokuhambisa umoya noma sokushuna esifakwe odongeni lwe-waveguide sethula ukusabela kwendawo. Ububanzi baso, ukujula kokungena kanye nendawo uma kuqhathaniswa nokungaqhubeki kunquma ukuthi umphumela unamandla amakhulu noma uyasebenza nokuthi ushintsha kangakanani umdlalo.
Ukungena okungajulile ngokuvamile kukhiqiza ukulungiswa okuncane. Njengoba imbobo iqhubeka iye kumhlahlandlela, ukuqina kuyashintsha futhi kungadlula ku-resonance. Lokhu kwenza izikulufo zokulungisa zibe usizo ekulungisweni kwelabhorethri, ekuncishisweni komkhiqizo kanye nasekunxephezeleni ukubekezelelana okungenakubikezelwa kahle ngesikhathi sokuklama.
Izinzuzo zokufanisa okulungisekayo
- umdlalo ungalungiswa ngenkathi kubhekwa ukulahlekelwa okubuyayo noma i-VSWR;
- izikulufo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zinikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe ngobukhulu kanye nesigaba;
- ukulungiswa kungakhokhela i-adaptha, i-probe, i-gond noma i-load;
- isethingi yokugcina ingakhiywa ngemva kokuqinisekiswa.
Ububanzi bomkhawulokudonsa obuwusizo bunqunywa isakhiwo esiphelele, hhayi isikulufu sodwa. Ukungena ngokweqile kungadala umsindo obukhali, kwandise ukulahlekelwa, kuphazamise izindlela zokuhleleka okuphezulu noma kunciphise ukuphathwa kwamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukushuna kufanele kwenziwe kulo lonke ibhendi yokusebenza eliphelele kunokuba kwenziwe ngemvamisa eyodwa kuphela.
Izigxobo nezikulufo zivame ukufakwaama-adaptha e-waveguide-to-coaxialkanye nezinye izingxenye zomhlahlandlela wamagagasi lapho insimu kumele ishintshele khona phakathi kwezakhiwo ezahlukene zokudlulisela.
3. Imithwalo Ehambisanayo kanye nama-Attenuator
Umthwalo we-waveguide ohambisanayo uqeda indlela yokudlulisela futhi uguqula amandla e-microwave angenengozi abe ukushisa ngokukhanya okuncane. Isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla, ukusethwa kokuhlola, ama-port angasetshenziswanga kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oludinga ukuqeda ukukhanya okuphansi okuchaziwe.
I-attenuator ifeza injongo ehlukile: inciphisa ubukhulu besiginali ngenani elilawulwayo ngenkathi igcina ukufana okwamukelekayo kuzo zombili izimbobo. Womabili amadivayisi ancike ekusebenzisaneni kancane kancane nezinto ezilahlekile ukuze insimu imuncwe ngaphandle kokudala isinyathelo sokungazelelwe sokuvimba.
Dlulisa amehlo ku-RF MISOimithwalo ye-waveguidengezinketho zezingxenye kuwo wonke ama-waveguide band ahlukene kanye nezidingo zamandla.
isibalo 3 sokumelana nomhlahlandlela wamagagasi umthwalo(a)i-taper eyodwa(b)i-taper ephindwe kabili
Imithwalo ye-Waveguide ethambile
Ukuphela okuvame kakhulu okufaniswayo kusebenzisa i-dielectric elahlekile noma i-resitive element encishisiwe ebheke kugagasi olungenayo. Ushintsho oluhamba kancane kancane luvumela insimu ukuthi ingene ku-absorber ngokukhanya okuncane kunebhulokhi yezinto ezivele zivele.
I-absorber ingadlula umhlahlandlela noma ihlale endaweni ephezulu eduze nendawo yayo. Ubude bayo obuthambile, ukusatshalaliswa kokulahlekelwa kanye nomklamo wokushisa kukhethwa ngenxa yebhendi yemvamisa kanye nezinga lamandla. Imithwalo yamandla aphezulu ingadinga umzimba omkhulu, isinki yokushisa noma ukupholisa komoya okuphoqelelwe ukuze kususwe amandla afakwe ngokuphephile.
isibalo 4 I-attenuator ye-vane eshukumayo
Izithasiselo Ze-Vane Ezithathekayo
I-vane ye-dielectric ehambayo ishintsha ukuncishiswa kwamandla ngokuhamba ezindaweni zamandla ahlukene e-electric-field. Ephakathi kwensimu ye-dominant-mode, i-vane imunca amandla engeziwe; eduze kodonga oluseceleni, insimu ibuthakathaka futhi ukuncishiswa kwamandla kwehla. Indlela ihlinzeka ngokunciphisa isignali okulungisekayo ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela ye-waveguide.
Ukulahlekelwa yi-Waveguide vs Ukungafani kwe-Impedance
Ukuncishiswa nokungalingani kuhlobene kodwa akufani. Ukungavumelani kubuyisela ingxenye yamandla esigameko emthonjeni, kuyilapho ukulahlekelwa komqhubi kanye nokwe-dielectric kuguqula ingxenye yamandla angaphambili ibe ukushisa.
Imithombo eyinhloko yokuwohloka yile:
- ukubonakaliswa okuvela ezinyathelweni, emagobeni, kuma-probe, kuma-flange gaps noma ezingxenyeni ezingaqondile;
- ukulahlekelwa ngumqhubi okubangelwa ugesi ongaphezulu ezindongeni ze-waveguide;
- ukulahleka kwe-dielectric okuvela emafasiteleni, ezisekelweni, ezifuthayo noma ezingxenyeni ezigcwele;
- ukurhabaxa kobuso, ukungcola, ukugqwala kanye nokuxhumana okungekuhle kukagesi.
I-waveguide nayo isebenza njengesakhiwo esidlula kakhulu. Amaza angaphansi komkhawulo wemodi ekhethiwe awasabalali ngokujwayelekile futhi ancishiswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ibhendi yokusebenza, usayizi we-waveguide kanye nemodi ehlosiwe kumele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba kulinganiswe kahle.
4. Ukuguqulwa, Ama-adaptha kanye Nokuxhumanisa I-Flange
Ushintsho noma i-adaptha ishintsha insimu kancane kancane phakathi kosayizi abahlukene be-waveguide, ukuqondiswa noma imidiya yokudlulisela. Ama-tapers kancane kancane ngokuvamile ahlinzeka ngokufana okubanzi kunesinyathelo esisodwa esibukhali, kuyilapho ushintsho olunezinyathelo ezincane lungase lukhethwe lapho isikhala silinganiselwe.
Ama-adaptha e-Waveguide-to-coaxialhlanganisa ushintsho lomshini ne-probe noma isiqalisi esivusa imodi ye-waveguide edingekayo. Indawo ye-probe, isikhala esifushane sangemuva kanye nanoma yisiphi isici sokuhlela kumele sisebenze ndawonye kulo lonke ibhande elishiwo.
Kungani ukuqondanisa i-flange kubalulekile
Izingxenye ze-Waveguide zivame ukuxhunywa ngama-flange. Umsebenzi wazo ukugcina ukuhambisana kwemishini, ukunikeza ukuxhumana kukagesi okuthembekile nokunciphisa ukuvuza kanye nokubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi. Igebe, i-offset, indawo yokuvala eyonakele noma ingcindezi ye-bolt engalingani kungabangela ukungazinzi okukhulu, ikakhulukazi kuma-wavelength amafushane.
isithombe 5 (a) i-flange engenalutho;(b) ukuxhumanisa i-flange.
Ama-Flanges Alula Naqondile
Ama-flange okuxhumana alula asebenza kahle lapho ubuso bokuhlangana buyisicaba, buhlanzekile futhi buqondile. Emazameni aphezulu, amaphutha amancane anobukhulu amelela ingxenye enkulu yobude be-wavelength, ngakho-ke ukuqeda ubuso, ukulungiswa kwesiqondiso kanye ne-torque yebholithi kuba okubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlanganiswa Okusebenzayo
- qinisekisa ukuthi zombili izingxenye zisebenzisa usayizi ofanayo we-waveguide kanye ne-flange standard ehambisanayo;
- Hlanza ubuso obuhambisanayo bese ubuhlola ukuthi abunazo yini izimbotshana, ama-burrs noma ukugqwala;
- lungisa izimbobo ngaphambi kokuqinisa izibambo;
- qinisa amabhawodi ngokulinganayo ukuze ubuso be-flange buhlale bufana;
- qinisekisa indlela ehlanganisiwe nge-analyzer yenethiwekhi ye-vector elinganisiwe.
isithombe 6 (a)Ingxenye ephambene yokuxhumanisa i-choke;(b)umbono wokuphela kwe-choke flange
Ukuxhumanisa kwe-Choke Flange
I-choke flange isebenzisa indandatho noma umsele ovalekile ozungeze imbobo ukulawula ugesi endaweni ehlanganisiwe. Uma ilinganiswe kahle ngebhendi yokusebenza, inganciphisa ukuzwela kwesikhala esincane somshini futhi ithuthukise ukuxhumana kukagesi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-choke incike emvamisa, i-geometry yayo kumele ifaniswe nebhendi ehlosiwe.
Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Ukufana Kwe-Waveguide
- Linganisa i-vector network analyzer ezindaweni ezifanele zokubhekisela.
- Kala i-S11 noma ubuyisele ukulahlekelwa kuyo yonke ibhendi yokusebenza, hhayi ngemvamisa eyodwa.
- Guqula umphumela ube yi-VSWR uma lokho kuyincazelo yephrojekthi.
- Lungisa izikulufo zokulungisa noma ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo ngokukhula okuncane ngenkathi ubuka ukuskena okuphelele.
- Hlola kabusha ngemva kokuqinisa kokugcina, ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nokufakwa kwezingxenye eziseduze.
Umphumela omuhle uchazwa yincazelo yesistimu. Iphuzu elilodwa lokubonisa okuphansi lingase linganele uma uhlelo lokusebenza ludinga i-bandwidth ebanzi, ukuphathwa kwamandla okuzinzile noma ukusebenza okuphindaphindwayo ngemva kokuhlanganiswa.
Indlela Yokukhetha Indlela Yokufanisa
- Ama-Irises:incane, izinzile futhi ifanele impendulo yemvamisa eklanyelwe.
- Izigxobo noma izikulufo:okulungisekayo futhi okuwusizo ekulungiseni ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza.
- Ama-Tapers kanye nokuguqulwa:Kukhethwa kakhulu lapho kudingeka ukuguqulwa kwensimu kancane kancane kanye nomkhawulokudonsa obanzi.
- Imithwalo ehambisanayo:qeda imbobo bese umunca amandla esigameko ngokukhanya okuphansi.
- Ama-flange okugoba:thuthukisa amajoyinti e-flange akhethiwe lapho isikhala esincane singenakugwenywa.
Izicelo
Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-impedance ye-waveguide kubalulekile eziphethweni zangaphambili ze-radar, imishini yokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, ama-antenna feed, izinhlelo zokulinganisa i-microwave, ama-transmitter, ama-receiver kanye namasethingi okuhlola anamandla aphezulu. Futhi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwama-adapter, imithwalo, amaswishi, ama-transducer e-orthomode kanye nezinye izinto.izingxenye zomhlahlandlela wamagagasi.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Kubonisani ukuthi i-VSWR ephezulu ohlelweni lwe-waveguide ikhombisani?
I-VSWR ephezulu ikhombisa ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yegagasi lesigameko iyabonakaliswa. Imbangela ingaba umthwalo ngokwawo noma ukungaqhubeki njenge-adaptha, i-probe, i-bend, i-flange gap noma ingxenye engaqondile.
Ingabe isikulufu sokulungisa singakunikeza ukufana kwe-broadband?
Isikulufu sokushuna singalungisa ukungalingani ngempumelelo, kodwa ukulungiswa okunamandla kwe-resonant kungaba yi-narrowband. Ukusebenza kwe-broadband ngokuvamile kudinga ukuguquka okuphelele, isikhundla sesikulufu kanye ne-geometry ezungezile ukuze kwakhiwe ndawonye.
Ukukhanya kwe-flange ye-waveguide kungancishiswa kanjani?
Sebenzisa ama-flange ahambisanayo, gcina ubuso bokuhlangana buhlanzekile futhi buthe tyaba, qondanisa izimbobo ngokunembile bese uqinisa izibambo ngokulinganayo. Qinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa kokugcina ngokuswayipha inethiwekhi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi komthwalo we-waveguide kanye ne-attenuator?
Umthwalo uqeda imbobo futhi umunce cishe wonke amandla okuphazamiseka. I-attenuator iyidivayisi enamachweba amabili ehlisa izinga lesignali ngenani elithile ngenkathi idlulisela amandla asele ekuphumeni kwayo.
Ukuze uthole usizo lokukhetha i-adaptha ye-waveguide, ukulayisha noma isakhiwo sokufanisa esenziwe ngokwezifiso,xhumana ne-RF MISOngebanga lemvamisa, usayizi we-waveguide, i-bandwidth, izinga lamandla kanye ne-VSWR eqondiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-15-2024
