Iyini i-Rhombic Antenna?
I-antenna ye-rhombic iyi-antenna yentambo eqondisayo eyakhiwe yizinto ezine eziqhubayo ezihlelwe ngesakhiwo esimise okwedayimane. Ingabhekwa njenge-antenna ezimbili ze-V ezixhunywe ekugcineni, kanye ne-vertex eyodwa ebukhali esetshenziswa njengendawo yokudla kanye ne-vertex ephambene evame ukuxhunywa ku-resistor yokuphela.
Ngokungafani ne-dipole ephendulayo, i-antenna ye-rhombic eqediwe kahle isebenza ngokuyinhloko njenge-antenna yamagagasi ahambayo. Ugesi we-RF uhamba usuka endaweni yokuphakelayo uhambisane nezingxenye ezine zentambo uye emthwalweni oqedayo. Amasimu kagesi akhiqizwa yilezi zingxenye ahlangana ukudala umsebe ogxilile eduze kwe-axis enkulu ye-rhombus.
Ama-antenna e-Rhombic aziwa kakhulu ngokuxhumana kwe-HF okude ngoba angahlinzeka ngokumbozwa kwemvamisa ebanzi, inzuzo ewusizo yokuqhubekela phambili kanye nezici zokuqondisa ezizinzile. Nokho, ubukhulu bawo obukhulu obubonakalayo buwenza afaneleke kakhulu ekufakweni okuhleliwe kunezinkundla zokuxhumana ezihlangene.
Isakhiwo Esiyisisekelo
I-antenna evamile ye-rhombic iqukethe izintambo ezine ezinobude obulinganayo ezilengiswe ngaphezu komhlabathi. Ndawonye, lezi zintambo zakha i-rhombus evundlile enama-engeli amabili abukhali nama-engeli amabili angabonakali.
I-antenna iphakelwa kolunye uhlangothi, kuyilapho uhlangothi oluphambene luxhunywe ku-resistor yokuqeda engakhiqizi. Le resistor ikhethwa ukuze ilinganisele ukuvimba okuphawulekayo kwesakhiwo se-antenna futhi imunce amandla asele okuhamba-negagasi.
Amapharamitha okuklama ayinhloko afaka:
- Ubude bengxenye ngayinye yentambo
- I-engeli ebukhali noma ephezulu ye-rhombus
- Ukuphakama kokufakwa ngaphezu komhlabathi
- Ukuphazamiseka kwephuzu lokuphakelayo
- Ukuqeda ukumelana
- Ububanzi bomqhubi
- Ububanzi bemvamisa eqondiwe kanye nendlela yokusabalala
I-engeli efanele akuyona inani eliqondile elijwayelekile. Kuncike kubude bukagesi bohlangothi ngalunye kanye nokuphakama okufiswayo kanye nesiqondiso se-azimuth somsebe oyinhloko.
Umfanekiso 1. Ukucushwa okuyisisekelo kwe-antenna evundlile eqondile eqediwe.
Isebenza Kanjani I-Rhombic Antenna?
Uhlangothi ngalunye lwe-rhombus luziphatha njenge-radiator yentambo ende. Njengoba ugesi usakazeka eceleni kwama-conductor, ingxenye ngayinye yentambo ikhiqiza ingxenye yemisebe eqondisa isiqondiso.
Uma ubukhulu be-antenna nama-engeli kukhethwe kahle, amasimu akhishwa yizinhlangothi ezine ayaqina komunye nomunye aye phambili. Kwezinye izinkomba, ezinye izingxenye zensimu ziyakhansela kancane. Umphumela ohlanganisiwe uwumsebe oyinhloko omncane kakhulu eceleni komugqa omude we-rhombus.
I-resistor yokuqeda idlala indima ebalulekile. Ngokumunca amandla afinyelela ekugcineni, kunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwamanje futhi kuvimbele ukwakheka kwegagasi eliqinile lokuma kuma-conductor. Lokhu kusiza i-antenna ukuthi igcine i-impedance eqinile kanye nezici zokukhanya kububanzi bemvamisa ebanzi kakhulu.
Ukushintshana ukusebenza kahle. Ingxenye yamandla okudlulisa iguqulwa ibe ukushisa ku-resistor yokuqeda esikhundleni sokukhishwa imisebe. Ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwe-antenna kudinga ibhalansi phakathi kokuqondisa, i-bandwidth, ukuzinza kwe-impedance kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe.
Ububanzi Bokuvama kanye Nosayizi Kagesi
Ama-antenna endabuko agcwele i-rhombic ahlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuxhumana kwe-HF. Kulezi zikhathi, izinhlangothi ze-antenna zivame ukuba nama-wavelength amaningana ubude, okuvumela isakhiwo ukuthi sikhiqize inzuzo ebalulekile yokuqondisa.
I-antenna ye-rhombic ayichazwa ngebanga elilodwa lemvamisa elihleliwe. Ubukhulu bayo bungalinganiswa ngokwezibalo zamaza ahlukene, kodwa isakhiwo siba sikhulu kakhulu kumaza aphansi futhi sidinga ukubekezelelana okuqinile kwemishini kumaza aphezulu.
Izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe ze-rhombic kanye ne-rhombic-loop zingasetshenziswa futhi kumaza e-VHF, UHF noma kuma-microwave. Kodwa-ke, lezi zakhiwo ezilinganisiwe zingaba nezici ezihlukile zokudla, ukuhlukanisa kanye nemisebe ezivela ku-antenna yendabuko ye-HF rhombic eqediwe.
Umfanekiso 2. Isibonelo sesakhiwo se-antenna esiqinile esinomugqa oqondile sokwamukela imvamisa ephezulu.
Ama-Antenna e-Rhombic Aqediwe futhi Angaqediwe
I-antenna ye-rhombic enqanyuliwe ivame ukukhiqiza iphethini yemisebe eqondene ngqo. Iningi lemisebe ewusizo liqondiswa kusukela endaweni yokuphakelayo kuya ekugcineni kokuphela.
Uma i-resistor yokuqeda isusiwe, ugesi ubonakala kusukela ekugcineni okuvulekile. I-antenna ibe isithuthukisa ingxenye enamandla yamagagasi amile futhi ingakhiqiza iphethini ejikelezayo, enemisebe emikhulu ngezindlela ezimbili eziphambene.
Ukucushwa okungaqediwe kungagwema ukulahlekelwa amandla ku-resistor yokuqeda, kodwa iphethini yayo yokuvimbela kokufaka kanye nemisebe ngokuvamile iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwemvamisa. Kungabonisa futhi isilinganiso esibi kakhulu sokuya emuva kanye nokuziphatha kwe-broadband okungabikezeleki.
Iphethini Yemisebe Nokuhlukaniswa Kwezinzwa
Iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna ye-rhombic eqediwe ibonakala nge-lobe eyinhloko engaphambili kanye nama-side lobes amaningi. Isiqondiso esiqondile somsebe kanye nobubanzi bomsebe kuncike ebudeni becala, i-engeli ye-rhombus, ukuphakama kokufakwa, imvamisa yokusebenza kanye nezimo zomhlabathi.
Ukwandisa ubude bukagesi kungathuthukisa ukuqondisa, kodwa kungakhiqiza futhi ama-side lobes engeziwe. Lawa ma-lobes angafuneki angakhipha amandla aye eziqondisweni ezingahlosiwe futhi anciphise inzuzo engokoqobo yomsebe oyinhloko.
I-antenna ye-rhombic efakwe ngokuvundlile i-polarized ngokuvundlile kakhulu ohlangothini oluyinhloko lwemisebe. Kodwa-ke, iphethini ephelele enezinhlangothi ezintathu ingase ibe nezingxenye ze-polarized eziqondile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseceleni naseziqondisweni ezikude ne-axis eyinhloko.
Umfanekiso 3. Iphethini yemisebe ekhombisa uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-antenna ye-rhombic eqediwe.
Ukondla kanye nokulinganisa i-Impedance
I-antenna ye-rhombic ngokuvamile iyisakhiwo esilinganiselwe esine-input impedance ephezulu. Ivame ukuphakelwa kusetshenziswa umugqa wokudlulisela olinganiselwe noma nge-transformer ye-impedance efanele kanye ne-balun.
Uma kusetshenziswa ikhebula le-coaxial, ukushintshana phakathi komugqa wokuphakelayo ongalingani kanye ne-antenna elinganisiwe kumele kuklanywe ngokucophelela. Ukulingana okunganele kungandisa amandla abonakalayo, kungenise ugesi wemodi evamile futhi kuphazamise iphethini yemisebe ehlosiwe.
Onjiniyela kufanele bahlole:
- Ukuvimba kokufaka
- Ukulahlekelwa kwembuyiselo kanye ne-VSWR
- Ukuqeda ukumelana
- Inzuzo phambili
- Isilinganiso sangaphambili nesangemuva
- Isiqondiso somsebe
- Izinga le-lobe eseceleni
- Ukwehlukaniswa
- Ikhono lokuphatha amandla
Kumasistimu okudlulisa amandla aphezulu, i-resistor yokuqeda kumele ikwazi ukusabalalisa amandla amakhulu e-RF ngokuphephile.
Izinzuzo
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-antenna ye-rhombic zifaka:
- I-bandwidth yokusebenza ebanzi kakhulu
- Inzuzo ewusizo yokuqondisa
- Impedance ezinzile uma iqedwa kahle
- Ukwakhiwa okulula okusekelwe ku-wire
- Ifanele izixhumanisi ze-HF ezikude
- Iyakwazi ukuphatha amandla aphezulu okudlulisa ngezingxenye ezifanele
- Ama-antenna amaningi a-rhombic angahlelwa ukuze ambozwe kabanzi noma ashintshe phakathi kwezinkomba
Ukulinganiselwa
Imikhawulo yayo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:
- Kudinga indawo enkulu yokufaka
- Idinga izakhiwo eziningana zokusekela ezinde
- Ingxenye yamandla e-RF ilahlekile ku-resistor yokuqeda
- Kungakhiqiza ama-side lobes abalulekile
- Ukusebenza kuthinteka ukuphakama kanye nezimo zomhlabathi
- Ukugcinwa kwemishini kungaba nzima
- Akufaneleki kumapulatifomu amaningi amancane noma eselula
Izicelo Ezijwayelekile
Ama-antenna e-Rhombic abelokhu esetshenziswa ku:
- Ukuxhumana kwe-HF okude
- Izixhumanisi zomsakazo eziqondile neziqondile ezilungisiwe
- Iziteshi zokwamukela ama-Shortwave
- Ukuxhumana kwe-ionosphere kanye ne-skywave
- Amanethiwekhi okuxhumana aphesheya kwezilwandle
- Ukuqapha umsakazo kanye nobuhlakani besiginali
- Ucwaningo ngama-antenna anocingo olude kanye namaza okuhamba
Nakuba izinhlelo zokuxhumana zanamuhla zivame ukusebenzisa ama-antenna e-log-periodic, ama-broadband arrays, ama-antenna abonisa ukukhanya kanye nezinhlelo ze-antenna ezilawulwa ngogesi, i-antenna ye-rhombic isalokhu iyisibonelo esibalulekile kumbono we-antenna.
Kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ubude bomqhubi, ugesi ohambayo, i-geometric angle kanye ne-field superposition kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukulawula ukuqondiswa kwe-antenna kanye ne-bandwidth.
I-RF MISO inikeza izixazululo ze-antenna kanye nezingxenye ze-microwave zokuhlola i-RF, ukuxhumana, i-radar, ukulinganisa i-antenna kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu. Ukuqonda izakhiwo ze-antenna zakudala njenge-antenna ye-rhombic kusiza onjiniyela ukuhlola amapharamitha abalulekile kufaka phakathi ububanzi bemvamisa, inzuzo, i-polarization, i-beamwidth, i-VSWR, izinga le-side-lobe kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-24-2026
