Izindlela Zokondla I-Microstrip Antenna: Izinhlobo Nokukhetha

Kuyini Ukuphakelwa Kwe-Antenna Ye-Microstrip?

I-feed ixhumanisa umthombo we-RF noma umamukeli ne-patch ekhipha imisebe ngenkathi iguqula i-impedance yesistimu ibe yi-impedance yokufaka i-antenna. Ekwakhiweni okusebenzayo, i-feed iyingxenye ye-antenna kunokuba ibe imininingwane ehlukile. I-geometry yayo ishintsha ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje, imvamisa ye-resonant, ukulahlekelwa kokubuya, i-bandwidth esebenzisekayo kanye nemisebe engafuneki.

Ama-antenna e-Microstrip avame ukuhlukaniswa ngezindlela zokuxhumana ngqo kanye nezindlela ezihlanganiswe ngogesi. Ama-Microstrip line kanye nama-probe e-coaxial enza ukuxhumana kukagesi ngqo ne-patch. Ama-Aperture-coupled kanye nama-probe-coupled axhumene ne-proxion adlulisa amandla ngokusebenzisa i-electromagnetic coupling futhi ngokuvamile asebenzisa izingqimba ezingaphezu kweyodwa ze-substrate.

Izindlela Ezine Eziyinhloko Zokondla I-Microstrip Antenna

1. Okuphakelayo Komugqa We-Microstrip

Ku-feed yomugqa we-microstrip, umugqa wokudlulisela ophrintiwe uxhunywe ngqo ku-patch. Umugqa kanye ne-patch kungenziwa ku-substrate efanayo enqubweni eyodwa ye-PCB, okwenza le ndlela ibe lula, ingabi yinkimbinkimbi futhi ifanele ukukhiqizwa okungabizi kakhulu kanye nama-array amaningi aphrintiwe.

Ukufaniswa kwe-impedance kungalungiswa ngokushintsha ububanzi bomugqa wokuphakelayo, kusetshenziswa i-inset, ukwengeza i-transformer ye-quarter-wave noma ukwenza ngcono ukuhlangana phakathi komugqa ne-patch. Umkhawulo oyinhloko ukuthi umugqa wokuphakelayo nawo uyakhipha. Lo msebe ongelona iqiniso ungathinta ukuhlukaniswa kwe-cross-polarization kanye nephethini yemisebe, ikakhulukazi lapho i-substrate ikhulu kakhulu noma inethiwekhi yokuphakelayo inde.

2. I-Coaxial Probe Feed

I-coaxial probe feed idlula endaweni engaphansi komhlaba kanye ne-substrate. I-coaxial outer conductor ixhunywe endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, kuyilapho i-inner conductor ixhunywe endaweni engaphansi komhlaba. Ukuhambisa isikhundla se-probe kunikeza indlela elula yokukhetha ukumelana kokufaka okufiswayo ngaphandle kokuphrinta umugqa wokuphakelayo endaweni ekhanyayo.

Le ndlela inikeza indawo yokuphakela eguquguqukayo kanye nemisebe ephansi ngokuvamile yomugqa wokuphakela, kodwa idinga ukubhoboza kanye nokuxhumeka kukagesi okuthembekile. I-probe ende ingenisa i-inductance, ngakho ukusebenza kungawohloka nge-substrates ezijiyile kagesi noma ngamaza aphezulu. Ngakho-ke i-geometry yesixhumi, ivolumu ye-solder kanye nokubekezelelana kokukhiqiza kufanele kufakwe kumodeli wokugcina.

3. Okuphakelayo Okuhlanganisiwe Kwembobo

I-feed ehlanganiswe ne-aperture ibeka umugqa wokudlulisa ngaphansi kwendiza yomhlabathi kanye ne-patch ngaphezu kwayo. Amandla adlula endaweni engaphansi kwendiza yomhlabathi. Ngenxa yokuthi indiza yomhlabathi ihlukanisa inethiwekhi ye-feed ne-patch ekhipha imisebe, lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa okuhle kwe-feed-to-radiator futhi lunganciphisa imisebe ye-feed engafuneki.

Ubukhulu besikhala, indawo yesikhala, i-stub yomugqa wokuphakelayo, ukujiya kwe-substrate kanye nama-dielectric constant konke kuthinta ukuxhumanisa kanye nokufanisa. Ukuxhumanisa kwe-Aperture kungasekela i-bandwidth ebanzi kuneziphakeli eziningi eziqondile, kodwa kudinga isakhiwo esinezingqimba eziningi kanye nokuqondana okunembile phakathi komugqa, isikhala kanye ne-patch.

4. Okuphakelayo Okusondelene

Ku-feed ehambisana nokusondelana, ebizwa nangokuthi i-feed ehambisana nogesi, umugqa we-microstrip ubekwa ngaphansi kwe-patch bese uhlukaniswa nayo ungqimba lwe-dielectric. Umugqa ugoqa ingxenye ye-patch, futhi amandla adluliselwa ngensimu ye-electromagnetic. Akukho ukuxhumana okuqondile kukagesi futhi akukho sikhala endizeni yomhlabathi.

Ubude bokugqagqana, indawo yomugqa, izakhiwo ze-substrate kanye nobukhulu besendlalelo kulawula ukuhlangana. Le ndlela ingahlinzeka nge-bandwidth ebanzi ye-impedance kanye nemisebe ephansi yokungalungi, kodwa isakhiwo esinezingqimba ezimbili sikhulu futhi sizwela kakhulu ekuvumelaniseni nasekubekezeleleni ukubopha.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindlela Zokondla I-Microstrip Antenna

Indlela yokondla	Amandla omkhawulokudonsa ajwayelekile	Ukwenziwa	Imisebe yokuphakelayo / ukuhlukaniswa	Kulungele kakhulu
Umugqa we-Microstrip	Kunciphile kuya kokumaphakathi	I-PCB elula, enesendlalelo esisodwa	Imisebe eminingi yomugqa wokuphakelayo	Imiklamo ephrintiwe ephansi, engabizi kakhulu kanye nama-array aphrintiwe
I-probe ye-Coaxial	Kunciphile kuya kokumaphakathi	Ukubhoboza nokuxhuma okuqondile	Imisebe ephansi yomugqa wokuphakelayo	Ukulungiswa kwephoyinti lokuphakelayo lesici esisodwa okuguquguqukayo
Ihlanganiswe ngembobo	Okumaphakathi kuya kobubanzi	Izendlalelo eziningi ezinokulungiswa kwesikhala	Ukuhlukaniswa okuhle kokudla	Imiklamo edinga ukuhlukaniswa kanye nomkhawulokudonsa obanzi
Okuxhumene eduze	Ububanzi	Izendlalelo eziningi ezinokulungiswa okugqagqene	Imisebe ephansi ekhohlisayo	Imiklamo ye-Broadband lapho ukujiya okwengeziwe kwamukeleka khona

Lezi yizindlela zokuklama ezihambisanayo, hhayi iziqinisekiso zokusebenza ezizinzile. Ukuma kwe-patch, ukulahleka kwe-substrate, ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric, ukujiya, imvamisa, ubude benethiwekhi yokuphakelayo kanye nokubekezelelana kokukhiqiza kungashintsha umphumela.

Indlela Yokukhetha Indlela Yokondla Efanele

• Umkhawulokudonsa odingekayo:Ama-feed aqondile avame ukwanela izinhlelo ze-narrowband. Ukuxhumanisa kwe-Aperture noma ukusondelana kungakhethwa uma i-bandwidth ebanzi ye-impedance iyimfuneko eyinhloko.
• Iphrofayili kanye nenani lezendlalelo:I-microstrip line feed igcina isakhiwo sincane futhi kulula ukusenza. Ama-feed ahlanganisiwe adinga izendlalelo ezengeziwe kanye nokulungiswa.
• Ubumsulwa bemisebe:Uma imisebe yenethiwekhi yokudla noma ukuhlukaniswa kwangaphambili kuya emuva kubalulekile, isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe ngembobo singahlukanisa ukudla ne-patch.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-array:Amanethiwekhi e-microstrip aphrintiwe alungele ama-array, kodwa ukulahleka komugqa kanye nemisebe ye-parasitic kuyanda njengoba inethiwekhi iba yinde. Ukuhlelwa kokuphakelwa kwezinkampani kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-amplitude/isigaba kufanele kuhlolwe ndawonye.
• Ukuvama kanye nokubekezelelana:Kumaza e-millimeter-wave, ukuguquka kwesixhumi, ukubekezelelana kokuqopha, ukujiya kwe-substrate kanye namaphutha okubhalisa kuba yinto ebalulekile kagesi.
• Imikhawulo yamandla nokushisa:Ukulahleka komqhubi, ukushisa kwe-dielectric, ubuningi bamanje wesixhumi kanye nokuhlushwa kwensimu yendawo kufanele kuhlolwe izinga lamandla elihlosiwe.
• Izindleko kanye nokuphindaphindwa:Umklamo one-bandwidth elingisiwe engcono kakhulu ungase ungabi ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokukhiqiza uma udinga ukubopha okunzima noma ukulungiswa okuqinile kwezingqimba eziningi.

Indlela Yokukhetha Indawo Yokuphakela I-Coaxial Probe

Indawo efanele yokuphenya yindawo eveza i-target input impedance ngenkathi ishukumisa imodi ehlosiwe nge-cross-polarization eyamukelekayo. Akufanele ikhethwe ngokuzenzakalelayo esikhungweni se-patch, iphuzu eliphezulu lensimu kagesi noma iphuzu eliphezulu lamanje.

Kwi-patch evamile engunxande esebenza ngendlela yayo eyisisekelo, ukumelana kokufaka ngokuvamile kuphakeme eduze komphetho okhanyayo futhi kwehla njengoba i-feed iqhubekela enkabeni ngobubanzi be-resonant. Iphuzu elingu-50-ohm livame ukutholakala phakathi komphetho nendawo ephakathi. Indawo eqondile incike kubukhulu be-patch, izakhiwo ze-substrate, ububanzi be-probe, indiza yomhlabathi, isixhumi kanye nezakhiwo eziseduze.

1. Qala ngobukhulu be-patch ukuze uthole imvamisa yokuzwakala edingekayo kanye ne-polarization.
2. Beka i-probe emgqeni ofanele wokulinganisa ukuze usize ekuvuseleleni imodi oyifunayo futhi unciphise amasimu ahlukaniswe ngama-cross-polarized.
3. Shanela i-offset kusukela emaphethelweni akhipha imisebe kumodeli ye-electromagnetic egcwele amaza kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa khona impedance eqondiwe kanye nokulahlekelwa kokubuya.
4. Faka phakathi i-coaxial transition, i-probe inductance, i-solder pad, i-finite ground plane, i-enclosure kanye ne-radome uma ziyingxenye yokuhlanganiswa kokugcina.
5. Yakha imodeli yokubekezelelana kobukhulu be-substrate, ukungaguquguquki kwe-dielectric, iphutha lokusika kanye nesikhundla sokudla.
6. Qinisekisa i-antenna ekhiqizwe nge-analyzer yenethiwekhi ye-vector elinganisiwe bese ulungisa kuphela ngemva kokuqhathanisa izindiza zokubhekisela zokulinganisa kanye nokulingisa.

Ukuhlolwa Kokuklama Nokulinganisa

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphakelayo kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngokumelene nenani le-S-parameter elingaphezu kwelilodwa. Isibuyekezo esiphelele ngokuvamile sihlanganisa:

• Imvamisa ye-Resonant, i-S11, ukulahlekelwa kokubuya, i-VSWR kanye ne-bandwidth ye-impedance.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokufaka kwangempela nokucatshangelwayo kulo lonke ibhendi yokusebenza.
• Ukusebenza kahle okuphelele, inzuzo eqashelwayo kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-conductor/dielectric.
• Amaphethini emisebe ehlanganiswe ndawonye kanye ne-cross-polarized ezindizeni eziyinhloko.
• Isilinganiso sangaphambili nesangemuva, ama-sidelobe kanye nokuphambuka kwephethini okubangelwa ukuphakelayo noma isixhumi.
• Ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje kanye nobufakazi bezindlela ezingahlosiwe zomphezulu noma ze-oda eliphezulu.
• Ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezilindelekile, i-radome, indawo yokuhlala, umzila wekhebula kanye nezimo zokufakwa.

Izicelo

Ama-antenna e-Microstrip nama-array asetshenziswa kuma-terminal okuxhumana angenantambo, imishini yesathelayithi kanye neyokuzulazula, izinzwa ze-radar, i-telemetry, amapulatifomu ezindiza, izinhlelo zokuhlola kanye nemikhiqizo ye-RF ehlanganisiwe. Ukwakheka kokuphakelayo kufanele kukhethwe ngokwesidingo sangempela sesistimu: ukuphakelayo okulula okuphrintiwe kungaba kuhle kakhulu kuyunithi encane ye-narrowband, kuyilapho ukuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe kungase kuvunyelwe nge-bandwidth ebanzi noma ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Iyiphi indlela yokondla i-antenna ye-microstrip elula kakhulu?

I-microstrip line feed ngokuvamile ilula kakhulu ngoba i-line kanye ne-patch kungaphrintwa ku-substrate efanayo. Kulula ukuyihlanganisa nenethiwekhi ye-planar feed, yize imisebe ye-feed-line kumele ilawulwe.

Iyiphi indlela yokondla enikeza i-bandwidth ebanzi kakhulu?

Ama-feed axhumene eduze kanye nama-aperture ngokuvamile anikeza amandla amakhulu e-bandwidth kune-feeds eqondile eyisisekelo. I-bandwidth yangempela isancike ku-geometry ephelele ye-antenna kanye ne-substrate stack.

Yikuphi ukudla okunikeza ukuhlukaniswa okungcono kakhulu ne-patch ekhipha imisebe?

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Aperture kunikeza ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile kwesakhiwo ngoba indiza yomhlabathi ihlukanisa umugqa wokudla ne-patch. Ukuvuza kwesikhala kanye nemisebe yangemuva kusadinga ukuhlolwa.

Ingabe indawo yokuphakelayo iyashintsha imvamisa yokuzwana?

Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukufanisa i-impedance, kodwa i-probe noma umugqa uphinde uphazamise amasimu kagesi. Ama-probe amakhulu, ama-probe amade, ukuxhuma okunamandla noma i-feed eseduze nesifunda sensimu ebucayi ingaguqula i-resonance kanye ne-input impedance.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokudla kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwe-impedance?

Ukondla kuchaza indlela amandla e-RF alethwa ngayo ku-patch. Ukufanisa i-impedance inqubo yokwenza okokufaka kwe-antenna kuvumelane nomugqa wokudlulisela, ngokuvamile ongu-50 ohms. Indawo yokondla kanye ne-geometry kuyizinto ezibalulekile eziguquguqukayo zokufanisa, kodwa ama-transformer engeziwe, ama-insets, ama-stubs noma amanethiwekhi okufanisa nawo angasetshenziswa.

Isiphetho

Ukukhetha i-microstrip antenna feed kuyisinqumo sezinga lesistimu. Ama-microstrip line kanye nama-coaxial probe feeds athanda ukulula kanye nokulungiswa okuqondile, kuyilapho i-aperture kanye ne-probe coupling zinikeza ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile noma i-bandwidth ebanzi ngezindleko zezendlalelo ezengeziwe kanye nokulawulwa kokwenziwa okuqinile. Ukusebenza kokugcina kufanele kuqinisekiswe njalo ngokulingisa kwamagagasi agcwele, ukuhlaziywa kokubekezelelana kanye nokulinganisa okulinganisiwe.

Izincomo Zomkhiqizo We-Microstrip Antenna

Hlola i-RF MISOimikhiqizo ye-antenna ye-microstripngezansi, nomaxhumana nethimba lethu lobunjiniyelaukuxoxa ngebanga lemvamisa, inzuzo, ukwahlukana, isikhombikubona kanye nezidingo zokuhlanganiswa.