Ukufiphala kwesiteshi esingenantamboukuhlukahluka kwe-amplitude yesignali etholiwe, isigaba noma amandla okubangelwa izinguquko endleleni yokusabalala. Kunganciphisa i-link margin, kuphazamise amasignali e-wideband futhi kwenze kube nzima ukukhiqiza izilinganiso ze-RF. Ukuqonda uhlobo lokufiphala olukhona ohlelweni kusiza onjiniyela ukukhetha ama-antenna afanele, izindlela zokuhlola kanye namasu okunciphisa.
Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukufiphala okukhulu nokuncane, iziteshi eziqondile nezikhetha imvamisa, ukufiphala okuhamba kancane nokusheshayo, kanye namamodeli eziteshi zezibalo avame kakhulu. Uphinde ubonise ukuthi iphethini ye-antenna, i-polarization kanye ne-test geometry kuthinta kanjani izilinganiso zokufiphala ezingokoqobo.
Kuyini Ukuphela Kwesiteshi Esingenantambo?
Isignali yomsakazo ayifinyeleli kumuntu omukelayo ngendlela eyodwa kuphela efanelekile. Izakhiwo, indawo, izimoto, imishini nezinye izinto zingavimba, zibonise, ziphazamise noma zisakaze amaza kagesi. Ngakho-ke, amakhophi amaningi esignali efanayo angafika ngokubambezeleka okuhlukile, ama-amplitude, izigaba nama-engeli okufika. Inhlanganisela yazo ingaba eyakhayo endaweni eyodwa noma imvamisa futhi ibhubhise kwenye.
Ukufiphala kuhlukile ekulahlekelweni kwendlela yesikhala esikhululekile esinqunyiwe. Ukulahlekelwa kwendlela kuchaza ukwehla kwamandla okuvamile njengokwanda kwebanga kanye nemvamisa, kuyilapho ukufiphala kuchaza ukwehluka okwengeziwe okuzungeze leso silinganiso. Onjiniyela bavame ukuhlukanisa ukufiphala ngezingqimba ezimbili ezizimele: isikali sendawo kanye nokukhetha kwesiteshi.
Umfanekiso 1.Ukushintshashintsha okuhamba kancane nokusheshayo ezingeni lesignali etholiwe kubonisa isikhathi esishintshashintshayo noma izikali zebanga.
Indlela Ukufiphala Okungenantambo Okuhlukaniswa Ngayo
Ukufiphala okukhuluichaza izinguquko ezihamba kancane kancane emabangeni amade kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwendlela kanye nokulahleka kwesithunzi.Ukufiphala okuncaneichaza izinguquko ezisheshayo emabangeni amafushane noma izikhawu zesikhathi esifushane ngenxa yezindlela eziningi kanye nokunyakaza.
Ukufiphala okuncane kungahlukaniswa ngokusabalala kokulibaziseka njengokuyisicaba noma okukhetha imvamisa, kanye nokusabalala kwe-Doppler njengokuhamba kancane noma okusheshayo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa okuhlukile: isiteshi singaba sicaba futhi sisheshe, sicaba futhi sihamba kancane, sikhetha imvamisa futhi sishesha, noma sikhetha imvamisa futhi sihamba kancane.
Ukushabalala Kwezinga Elikhulu: Ukulahleka Kwendlela Nokufiphala
Umkhuba wokulahlekelwa yindlela
Ukulahleka kwendlela ukwehla okumaphakathi kwamandla atholiwe ngebanga lokusabalala. Esikhaleni esikhululekile esingavimbelwe, ukulahleka kuhlobene nobude besikhathi kanye nebanga. Izindawo zangempela zengeza indawo, ukuxinana, imiphumela yomkhathi kanye nokuncika kokuphakama kwe-antenna, ngakho-ke izabelomali zezixhumanisi ezisebenzayo zivame ukusebenzisa imodeli yokusabalala efanele isimo sokusabalalisa.
Ukufiphala kwesithunzi
Umthunzi kwenzeka lapho izinto ezinkulu zivimba kancane noma ngokuphelele indlela yokusabalala eqondile. Izakhiwo, amagquma, imishini kanye nemizimba yezimoto kungadala izinguquko ezihamba kancane ezingeni elitholiwe njengoba umthumeli, umamukeli noma indawo ezungezile ishintsha. Umthunzi unyamalala ngokuvamile umelwa ngokwezibalo mayelana nokulahleka kwendlela yendawo.
Ukufiphala Kwezinga Elincane: Izindlela Eziningi Nokunyakaza
Ukufiphala okuyisicaba uma kuqhathaniswa nokufiphala okukhethwa imvamisa
Isiteshi cishe singu-ukufiphala okuyisicabauma umkhawulokudonsa wayo wokuhambisana ubanzi kunomkhawulokudonsa wesignali ohlaliswe. Isiteshi sibe sesishintsha ubukhulu besignali kanye nesigaba ngaphandle kokushintsha kabusha i-spectrum yaso.
Isiteshi sibaukukhetha imvamisalapho i-bandwidth yesignali inkulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-bandwidth yokuhambisana. Izingxenye ezahlukene ze-spectral zithola inzuzo nesigaba esihlukile. Imbangela eyisisekelo ukusabalala kokulibaziseka kwezindlela eziningi okungaxazululeka, okungadala ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu ezixhumanisweni zedijithali.
Ukufiphala kancane vs. ukufiphala okusheshayo
Ukufiphala kancane kancanekusho ukuthi isiteshi asishintshi kakhulu ngesikhathi sesikhawu sokubonisa esifanele.Ukufiphala okusheshayokusho ukuthi isiteshi sishintsha kakhulu phakathi naleso sikhathi. Ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi komthumeli, umamukeli kanye nabahlakazi abazungezile kukhiqiza ukushintsha kwe-Doppler futhi kufinyeze isikhathi sokuhambisana kwesiteshi.
| Ukuhlukaniswa | Ukuqhathanisa okuyinhloko | Umphumela ojwayelekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ukufiphala okuyisicaba | Umkhawulokudonsa wesignali mncane kunomkhawulokudonsa wokuhambisana | Ububanzi be-amplitude kanye nokwehluka kwesigaba kulo lonke isignali |
| Ukukhetha imvamisa | Umkhawulokudonsa wesignali mkhulu kunomkhawulokudonsa wokuhambisana | Ukuphambuka kwe-Spectral kanye nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka kwe-intersymbol |
| Ukufiphala kancane kancane | Isikhathi sokuhambisana side uma siqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokuphawula | Ukwehluka kancane kancane kwezinga lesixhumanisi |
| Ukufiphala okusheshayo | Isikhathi sokuhambisana sifushane uma siqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokuphawula | Ukwehluka okusheshayo kanye nokukhubazeka okuhlobene ne-Doppler |
Amamodeli Avamile Okuphela Kwezibalo
- URayleigh uyaphela:isetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kungekho ngxenye eyodwa evelele yomugqa wokubona futhi isignali eyamukelwe yakhiwa izingxenye eziningi ezihlakazekile.
- Ukufiphala kukaRician:ifaka ingxenye ebusayo kanye nezingxenye ezihlakazekile ze-multipath. I-Rician K-factor iveza isilinganiso samandla phakathi kwezingxenye ezibusayo nezisabalele.
- Ukufiphala kweNakagami:ukusatshalaliswa okuguquguqukayo okubonakalayo okungamelela ububanzi bobunzima obunyamalalayo ngepharamitha yayo yomumo.
- Ukufiphala kwe-Weibull:okunye ukusatshalaliswa kwezibalo okuguquguqukayo okusetshenziselwa izindawo ezikhethiwe zokusabalala ezilinganisiwe.
Ukukhethwa kwemodeli kumele kusekelwe endaweni yangempela, imvamisa, ukuhambahamba, ukucushwa kwe-antenna kanye nedatha yokulinganisa. Imisebenzi yesimanje ye-MATLAB isebenzisa izinto ezifanai-comm.RayleighChannelfuthicomm.RicianChannelkunemisebenzi ephelelwe yisikhathi ekhulunywe ngayo enguqulweni yangaphambili yalesi sihloko.
Umfanekiso 3.Ukusatshalaliswa kwemvilophu yezibalo kunikeza amamodeli amancane okuziphatha okulinganiselwe kokuphela.
Indlela Ukufiphala Okuthinta Ngayo Ukusebenza Kwesistimu ye-RF
Ukufiphala kunganciphisa amandla atholiwe, kunciphise isilinganiso sesiginali kuya komsindo, kwandise izinga lamaphutha futhi kuphazamise isixhumanisi somsakazo. Ukufiphala kokukhetha imvamisa kungaphazamisa ama-waveform e-wideband, kuyilapho ukuhlukahluka okusheshayo kwe-Doppler kungenza ukulinganisa isiteshi kube nzima kakhulu.
Izindlela ezivamile zokunciphisa lesi simo zifaka:
- i-link margin eyanele kanye nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kokuzuza;
- isikhathi, imvamisa, ukuhlukahluka kwendawo noma ukwahlukana;
- ukulinganisa kanye nomklamo we-waveform yama-multicarrier;
- ukufaka ikhodi yesiteshi, ukuhlanganisa kanye nokuguqula okuguquguqukayo;
- Ukucubungula i-MIMO kanye nokuqondisa ngomqamelo;
- ukubekwa kwe-antenna ngokucophelela, ukukhethwa kwamaphethini kanye nokulawulwa kokuhlukaniswa kwe-polarization.
Ayikho indlela eyodwa eqeda yonke inqubo yokushabalala. Indlela efanele incike ezibalweni zesiteshi, i-bandwidth enabantu abaningi, ukuhambahamba, izidingo zokumbozwa kanye namathuba okuphela kwesiteshi amukelekayo.
Umfanekiso 4.Idatha elinganisiwe kufanele inqume ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwezibalo kufanelekile yini esiteshini esithile.
Ukukhethwa kwe-Antenna Kokuzwakala Kwesiteshi Nokuhlolwa Kokufiphala
I-antenna ayidali isiteshi sokusabalala ngokwayo, kodwa ithinta kakhulu ukuthi yiziphi izindlela kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemingcele okudluliselwa noma okwamukelwayo. Ukwanda, ububanzi be-beamm, iphethini yemisebe, ubumsulwa be-polarisation, ukuzinza kwesigaba kanye ne-geometry yokufaka konke kungathonya ukuziphatha kwesiteshi esilinganisiwe.
Ukuze uthole iziteshi eziphindaphindwayo noma izilinganiso ezifiphalayo, bhala phansi:
- ububanzi obuphelele bemvamisa kanye nomkhawulokudonsa wokulinganisa osheshayo;
- ukukhuphuka kwe-antenna kanye nobubanzi be-beammit phezu kwemvamisa;
- izidingo zokwehlukanisa eziqondile, eziqondile noma eziyindilinga;
- ukuphakama kwe-antenna, ukuma, isikhala kanye nezakhiwo ezizungezile;
- Isixhumi se-RF, ukulahleka kwekhebula kanye nendiza yokubhekisela ekulinganisweni;
- ukunyakaza komthumeli, umamukeli kanye nomsabalalisi;
- ukusabalala kokulibaziseka, ukusabalala kwe-Doppler kanye nobubanzi obuguqukayo obudingekayo.
Izinketho ze-antenna ze-RF MISO
I-RF MISO iklama futhi ihlinzeka ngama-antenna e-RF kanye nama-microwave omsebenzi wokuhlanganisa ilabhorethri, insimu kanye nohlelo. Kuye ngokumbozwa okudingekayo kanye ne-geometry yokulinganisa, onjiniyela bangacabangelaama-antenna e-broadband hornngezilinganiso ze-wideband eziqondisayo,ama-antenna e-log-periodicukuze kuhlanganiswe imvamisa ebanzi, nomaama-antenna aqondisa yonke indawokwezifundo zokumbozwa kanye nokusabalala ezikhethiwe.
Buyekeza ishidi ledatha lemodeli yamanje ukuze uthole ububanzi bemvamisa, inzuzo, i-polarization, i-VSWR, isixhumi kanye nobukhulu bemishini. Ukuze ukhethe uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile, yabelana ngebhendi yokuhlola, i-bandwidth, iphethini edingekayo, i-polarization, imikhawulo yokufaka kanye nendawo yokulinganisa nethimba le-RF MISO.
Xoxa Ngesidingo Sakho Sokulinganisa i-RF
I-RF MISO ingasiza ekuboneni izinketho ze-antenna zomsindo wesiteshi, izifundo zokusabalala, ukuhlolwa kwesistimu engenantambo kanye nokulinganiswa kwe-RF okuhlobene.
Izinkomba kanye nokufunda okwengeziwe
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-14-2023
