Umfanekiso 1. Izifunda ze-Main-beam kanye ne-sidelobe ezisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna beam.
Kuyini Ukusebenza Kahle Komsebe We-Antenna?
Ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna, okubizwa nangokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-main-beam, ingxenye yamandla aphelele e-antenna akhishwa yi-radiation awela ngaphakathi kwesifunda esichaziwe se-main-beam. Iphendula umbuzo womklamo osebenzayo: ingakanani imisebe etholakalayo egxile emkhakheni we-angular ohlosiwe esikhundleni sokusatshalaliswa kuma-sidelobes kanye ne-back lobe?
Ku-antenna eyamukelayo, ukubuyisana kuvumela umqondo ofanayo ukuthi ubhekwe njengengxenye yamandla atholiwe aqoqwe ngomsebe oyinhloko lapho insimu ezungezile kanye nezimo ze-polarization zichazwa njalo. Ngakho-ke ukusebenza kahle komsebe kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ku-radar, i-radiometry, izixhumanisi zesathelayithi, izinhlelo ze-microwave eziqondile kanye nokulinganisa i-antenna, lapho amandla avela noma aphumayo eya eziqondisweni ezingafuneki anganciphisa ukunemba noma andise ukuphazamiseka.
KuMfanekiso 1, i-lobe eyinhloko igxile ku-z-axis. Uma i-engeli yekhoni ingu-θ1umaka i-null yokuqala noma omunye umngcele we-main-beam ocacisiwe ngokucacile, ukusebenza kahle kwe-beam kubalwa ngokuhlanganisa iphethini yamandla ngaphakathi kwaleyo khoni bese uyihlukanisa ngamandla ahlanganiswe phezu kwephethini ephelele yemisebe.
Ifomula Yokusebenza Kahle Komsebe We-Antenna
Ukusebenzisa iphethini yamandla evamile Pn(θ,φ), ukubonakaliswa kokusebenza kahle kwemisebe okujwayelekile kuboniswe ngezansi:
I-numerator imele amandla aqukethwe ngaphakathi kwe-angle eqinile ye-main-beam ekhethiwe, i-ΩMB. I-denominator imele amandla aphelele akhishwe imisebe ahlanganiswe ngaphezu kwama-steradians angu-4π. Inani eliphumelayo, ηB, ayinakulinganiswa futhi ngokuvamile ibikwa njengephesenti.
- Pn(θ,φ)yiphethini yamandla ejwayelekile. Uma kusetshenziswa idatha yensimu kagesi elinganisiwe, igama lamandla elihambisanayo lilingana ne-|E|2.
- ΩMByisifunda esicacisiwe se-main-beam, esivame ukukhawulelwa yi-nulls yokuqala noma i-engeli yekhoni echaziwe.
- θ kanye no-φyizixhumanisi zokuphakama kanye ne-azimuth ezisetshenziswa ukuchaza iphethini ephelele yemisebe.
Umngcele we-main-beam kumele uchazwe njalo ngomphumela. Ama-laboratory amabili angathola amanani ahlukene ezinombolo kusukela kuphethini efanayo uma eyodwa ihlangana ne-null yokuqala kuyilapho enye isebenzisa ikhoni ye-angular eqondile. Ngomsebe wepensela ojikelezayo olingana, ukuhlanganiswa kungenziwa lula njengoba kuboniswe esenzweni esilandelayo.
Kukalwa Kanjani Ukusebenza Kahle Kwe-Antenna Beam?
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-beam kutholakala kudatha yephethini yemisebe kunokuba kufundwe okukodwa kwe-boresight. Ububanzi be-far-field obulinganisiwe, ububanzi bokuhlola i-antenna ehlanganisiwe, noma uhlelo lwe-near-field olunokuguqulwa kwe-far-field okuqinisekisiwe lungasetshenziswa. Kuma-phased arrays, ukulinganisa kufanele kuphindwe esimweni ngasinye se-beam esidingekayo, imvamisa kanye ne-polarization ngoba ukuskena kanye namaphutha e-amplitude noma isigaba kungasabalalisa kabusha amandla kuma-sidelobes.
- Linganisa iphethini yemisebeukumbozwa okwanele kwe-angular ukufaka umsebe oyinhloko, ama-sidelobes kanye ne-back lobe.
- Guqula insimu elinganisiwe ibe iphethini yamandlabese usebenzisa ukwenziwa okufanayo kwesampula ngayinye ye-angular.
- Chaza umngcele womsebe oyinhloko, njenge-contour yokuqala engenalutho noma i-engeli yekhoni ecacisiwe.
- Hlanganisa amandla ngaphakathi kwalowo mngcelebese uyihlukanisa ngamandla ahlanganisiwe phezu kwephethini ephelele.
- Bika izimo zokuhlolwa, kufaka phakathi imvamisa, i-polarization, isimo se-beam, i-angular resolution kanye nencazelo yomngcele.
Ukusikwa kwe-E-plane kanye ne-H-plane okunezinhlangothi ezimbili kungabonisa ukuziphatha kwe-beadwidth kanye ne-sidelobe, kodwa ngokuvamile akuhlinzeki ngenani eliphelele lokusebenza kahle kwe-beamed okunezinhlangothi ezintathu ngaphandle kokuthi ukulingana kokujikeleza kulungisiwe. Idatha yephethini egcwele noma ephelele ngokwanele inikeza umphumela ovikelekile kakhudlwana. Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-RF MISO'samakhono okuhlola i-antenna.
Ukusebenza Kahle Komsebe vs. Amanye Amatemu Okusebenza Kahle Kwe-Antenna
Ukusebenza Kahle Komsebe vs. Ukusebenza Kahle Kokushiswa Kwemisebe
Ukusebenza kahle kwemisebeiqhathanisa amandla akhishwa imisebe namandla amukelwe yi-antenna ngakho-ke ikhombisa ukulahleka komqhubi kanye nokwe-dielectric.Ukusebenza kahle kwe-beamichaza ukuthi amandla akhishwa imisebe aya kuphi. I-antenna ingaba nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwangaphakathi kodwa isenesikhathi sokusebenza kahle kwemisebe uma kuvela amandla amakhulu kuma-sidelobes noma ku-back lobe.
Ukusebenza Kahle Komsebe vs. Ukuqondisa kanye Nokuzuza
UkuqondisaIchaza ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwephethini yemisebe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-radiator ye-isotropic. I-Gain ihlanganisa ukuqondisa nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe, kuyilapho i-gain eqashelwayo ibangela nokungalingani kwe-impedance. Ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe kuhlukile ngoba kuhlanganisa amandla esifundeni esi-angular esikhundleni sokuhlola kuphela isiqondiso se-peak.
Ukusebenza Kahle Komqamu vs. Ububanzi Bomqamu
Ububanzi be-beamwidth yamandla ayisithupha buyi-angle width phakathi kwamaphuzu angu--3 dB e-lobe eyinhloko. Ububanzi obuncane buvame ukuhambisana nokuqondisa okuphezulu, kodwa abubonisi ukusebenza kahle kwe-beamwidth ephezulu. Iphethini ingaba ne-peak encane futhi isathumela amandla amakhulu kuma-sidelobes. Ngakho-ke izinga le-beamwidth kanye ne-sidelobe kumele libuyekezwe kanye nenani elihlanganisiwe lokusebenza kahle kwe-beamwidth.
Yini Elawula Ukusebenza Kahle Komsebe We-Antenna?
1. Amazinga e-Sidelobe kanye ne-Back-Lobe
Amandla angaphandle kwesifunda esikhethiwe somsebe omkhulu anciphisa ngqo ukusebenza kahle komsebe. Ama-sidelobe aphezulu angase abangelwe ukungaqhubeki kokuvula, isikhala se-array, amaphutha e-amplitude noma iphrofayili yokukhanyisa engakalungiselelwa iphethini edingekayo. Imisebe yangemuva kanye nokusabalala okuvela ezakhiweni eziseduze kungaba nomphumela ofanayo.
2. Ukukhanya kwe-Aperture kanye ne-Amplitude Taper
Ama-antenna e-Aperture nama-array asebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-amplitude kulo lonke i-aperture ekhipha imisebe. Ukusatshalaliswa okucishe kufane kungakhiqiza umsebe oyinhloko omncane kanye nokuqondisa okuphezulu, kodwa futhi kungakhiqiza ama-sidelobe aphezulu kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa i-amplitude taper kungacindezela ama-sidelobe futhi kubeke amandla amaningi ephethini esifundeni esifiselekayo, yize i-taper eningi kakhulu ingandisa umsebe oyinhloko futhi inciphise ukutholakala okuphezulu noma ukusebenza kahle kwe-aperture. Ngakho-ke, indawo engcono kakhulu ukuthengiselana okuqondene nohlelo lokusebenza.
3. Ukuchitheka Kokudla kanye Nokuvinjelwa Kwesakhiwo
Ku-antenna yokubonisa, amandla aphuthelwa yi-reflector ayachitheka futhi awafaki isandla emsebeni oyinhloko ofunwayo. Izisekelo zokudla, i-subreflector noma ihadiwe eseduze nayo ingavimba noma isakaze ingxenye yensimu yokuvula. Ukukhetha ukudla okufanele, ukubeka indawo egxile kanye nokuqondanisa kwemishini kusiza ukulawula lokhu kulahlekelwa kanye nama-lobes angafuneki.
4. Amaphutha Esigaba, Ububanzi kanye Nomphezulu
Ukungalingani kwesigaba phakathi kwezinto ezilandelanayo, ukulahlekelwa kokudla okungalingani, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza, iphutha lokukhanya kanye nokuphambuka kwe-radome kungasusa amandla kude nomsebe ohlosiwe. Le miphumela ivame ukuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu njengoba imvamisa ikhuphuka ngoba iphutha elilinganiselwe limelela ingxenye enkulu yobude be-wavelength.
5. Ukuhlanzeka kwe-Polarization
Ezinye izincazelo zokusebenza kahle kwemisebe zifaka amandla kuphela ku-polarization oyifunayo. Imisebe evundlile ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwemisebe eyinhloko ingabe isinciphisa inani elibikiwe. I-Polarization kufanele ichazwe ngokuqhubekayo ekulingiseni, ekulinganisweni nasezidingweni zesistimu.
Ukusebenza Kahle Komqadi, Ububanzi Bomqadi kanye Nobubanzi Bomqadi Kuhlukile
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-beamiyisilinganiso samandla e-angular esihlanganisiwe.Ububanzi be-beamwidthichaza ububanzi be-angular be-lobe eyinhloko ezingeni elibekiwe, ngokuvamile amaphuzu e-half-power noma -3 dB.Ububanzi be-antennaichaza ububanzi bemvamisa lapho izidingo ezikhethiwe zaneliswa khona. Lawa mapharamitha ayathintana, kodwa awakwazi ukushintshaniswa.
Umklamo ungagcina i-VSWR eyamukelekayo kububanzi bemvamisa ebanzi ngenkathi isiqondiso sayo se-beam, izinga le-sidelobe noma ukusebenza kahle kwe-beam kushintsha kakhulu eduze kwemiphetho yebhendi. Ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwephethini kufanele kuqinisekiswe kuma-frequency amaningana kunokuqagelwa kusuka ku-bandwidth ye-impedance kuphela. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okuningiliziwe kwezincazelo ze-frequency-range, bhekaI-bandwidth ye-Antenna.
Kungathuthukiswa Kanjani Ukusebenza Kahle Kwemisebe?
- Khetha i-aperture taper elinganisela ukucindezelwa kwe-sidelobe, ububanzi be-main-beam kanye nokwanda.
- Lungiselela isikhundla sokuphakelayo, ukukhanya komphetho kanye nokuchitheka.
- Sebenzisa isikhala sezinto esifanele kanye nokulawula okunembile kwe-amplitude noma i-phase kuma-array ukuze ugweme ukugoba ama-lobes.
- Nciphisa ukuvaleka, ukusabalala kwekhebula kanye nokusebenzisana okungafuneki nesakhiwo sokufaka noma i-radome.
- Lawula ukubekezelelana kwemishini, ukunemba kobuso kanye nokuqondanisa ngesivinini esiphezulu sokusebenza.
- Qinisekisa amaphethini e-co-polar kanye ne-cross-polar kulo lonke ibhendi yokusebenza kanye nazo zonke izimo ze-beam ezidingekayo.
Kuphi lapho ukusebenza kahle kwe-High Beam kubaluleke kakhulu khona?
Ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ephezulu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho amandla noma amandla atholiwe kufanele agcinwe endaweni echazwe kahle. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi i-radar yokulandelela okuqondiwe kanye nokuthwebula izithombe, izixhumanisi zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, i-radio astronomy kanye ne-radiometry, izixhumanisi ze-microwave zephuzu kuya kwephuzu, izinhlelo zokuphakelayo, ama-antenna okulinganisa kanye nama-array aqondiswa ngogesi.
Ayikho iphesenti yokusebenza kahle kwemisebe efanelekile kuyo yonke i-antenna. Imfuneko ewusizo kumele isho imvamisa yokusebenza, i-polarization, isimo semisebe kanye nomngcele we-angular, kanye nokuziphatha kwe-sidelobe okwamukelekayo kanye ne-back-lobe. Lokhu kwenza idatha yomhlinzeki, ukulingisa kanye nemiphumela elinganisiwe kufane ngqo.
Yini Abathengi Okufanele Bayihlole Ku-Antenna Datasheet?
Uma ukulawulwa kwe-beam kubalulekile, ungahloli i-antenna kusukela ekuzuzeni okuphezulu kuphela. Buza umenzi ukuthi yimiphi idatha yephethini kanye nezimo zokuhlola ezitholakalayo zemodeli eqondile kanye nobubanzi bemvamisa.
- Ububanzi bemvamisa yokusebenza kanye namaza asetshenziswa ekulinganisweni kwamaphethini
- Ukwanda, ububanzi be-beamwidth yamandla angesigamu kanye nezinga lokuqala le-sidelobe uma kuqhathaniswa nemvamisa
- Amaphethini emisebe ye-co-polar kanye ne-cross-polar ezindizeni ezidingekayo noma ngokuskena okuyisiyingi
- Umngcele we-angular kanye ne-polarization esetshenziselwa ukubala ukusebenza kahle kwe-beam, lapho lelo nani licacisiwe
- I-VSWR, isixhumi noma isikhombimsebenzisi se-waveguide, ukuphathwa kwamandla kanye nezidingo zemvelo
- Ukubekezelelana kwemishini, ukuhlelwa kokukhweza kanye nanoma yikuphi ukucushwa kwe-radome noma i-reflector-feed
Izixazululo ze-RF MISO Microwave Antenna
I-RF MISO inikeza ama-antenna e-microwave kanye nama-millimeter-wave ukuze kulinganiswe, kusetshenziswe i-radar, kuxhunyaniswe futhi kuhlanganiswe uhlelo. Imindeni yemikhiqizo efanele ifaka phakathiama-antenna ajwayelekile ophondo lokuzuza, ama-antenna okubonisafuthiama-antenna e-arrayImininingwane ethile yemodeli kanye nedatha yokuhlola etholakalayo kufanele ibuyekezwe ngokuqhathanisa imvamisa edingekayo, ukwahlukana, inzuzo kanye nokusebenza kwephethini.
Uma ukhetha i-antenna noma udinga ukwenza ngokwezifiso,xhumana ne-RF MISO at info@rf-miso.com.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-12-2024
