I-Directivity iyipharamitha ye-antenna eyisisekelo.Lesi isilinganiso sokuthi injani iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna eqondisayo.I-antenna ekhanya ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi izoba nokuqondisa okulingana no-1. (Lokhu kulingana noziro decibel -0 dB).
Umsebenzi wezixhumanisi eziyindilinga ungabhalwa njengephethini yemisebe evamile:
[Isibalo 1]
Iphethini yemisebe evamile inomumo ofanayo nephethini yemisebe yasekuqaleni.Iphethini yemisebe evamile yehliswa ngobukhulu kangangokuthi inani eliphakeme lephethini yemisebe lilingana no-1. (Elikhulu isibalo [1] sokuthi "F").Ngokwezibalo, ifomula yokuqondisa (uhlobo "D") ibhalwe kanje:
Lokhu kungase kubonakale njenge-equation yokuqondisa eyinkimbinkimbi.Nokho, amaphethini emisebe yama-molecule anenani elikhulu kakhulu.Idinomineyitha imelela isilinganiso samandla asakazwa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.I-equation ibe isilinganisela samandla omsebe aphezulu ahlukaniswa ngesilinganiso.Lokhu kunikeza ukuqondisa kwe-antenna.
Ipharadigm yokuqondisa
Njengesibonelo, cabanga ngezibalo ezimbili ezilandelayo zephethini yemisebe yezimpondo ezimbili.
I-Antenna 1
I-Antenna 2
Lawa maphethini emisebe ahlelwe kuMfanekiso 1. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi imodi yemisebe iwumsebenzi we-polar angle theta(θ)Iphethini yemisebe ayiwona umsebenzi we-azimuth.(Iphethini yemisebe ye-azimuthal ihlala ingashintshiwe).Iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna yokuqala ayiqondise kancane, bese kuba iphethini yemisebe yothi lwesibili.Ngakho-ke, silindele ukuthi ukuqondisa kube phansi ku-antenna yokuqala.
umfanekiso 1. Umdwebo wephethini yokukhishwa kwemisebe yothi.Inokuqondisa okuphezulu?
Sisebenzisa ifomula [1], singabala ukuthi uthi lunokuqondisa okuphakeme.Ukuze uhlole ukuqonda kwakho, cabanga ngoMfanekiso 1 nokuthi kuyini ukuqondiswa.Bese unquma ukuthi iyiphi i-antenna enokuqondisa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izibalo.
Imiphumela yokubala eyisiqondiso, sebenzisa ifomula [1]:
Isibalo se-antenna 1 eqondile, 1.273 (1.05 dB).
Isibalo se-antenna 2 eqondile, 2.707 (4.32 dB).
Ukunyuswa kokuqondisa kusho i-antenna egxile kakhulu noma eqondisayo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-antenna eyamukela-2 inamandla aqondisayo okuphakama kwayo izikhathi ezingu-2.707 kune-omnidirectional antenna.I-antenna 1 izothola izikhathi ezingu-1.273 amandla we-omnidirectional antenna.Ama-antenna e-Omnidirectional asetshenziswa njengereferensi evamile nakuba zingekho izimpondo ze-isotropic ezikhona.
Izinti zocingo kufanele zibe nokuqondisa okuphansi ngoba amasignali angavela kunoma iyiphi indlela.Ngokuphambene, izitsha zesathelayithi zinokuqondiswa okuphezulu.Isitsha sesathelayithi samukela amasiginali asuka endaweni engaguquki.Isibonelo, uma uthola isitsha se-TV yesathelayithi, inkampani izokutshela ukuthi usikhomba kuphi futhi isidlo sizothola isignali oyifunayo.
Sizophetha ngohlu lwezinhlobo ze-antenna kanye nokuqondisa kwazo.Lokhu kuzokunikeza umbono wokuthi yikuphi ukuqondiswa okuvamile.
Uhlobo lwe-antenna Ukuqondisa okujwayelekile Ukuqondisa okujwayelekile [decibel] (dB)
I-antenna emfushane ye-dipole 1.5 1.76
I-antenna ye-Half-wave ye-dipole 1.64 2.15
Isiqephu (i-microstrip antenna) 3.2-6.3 5-8
Uphondo lwe-antenna 10-100 10-20
I-antenna yesitsha 10-10,000 10-40
Njengoba idatha engenhla ibonisa ukuqondisa kwe-antenna kuyahluka kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuqondisa lapho ukhetha i-antenna yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile.Uma udinga ukuthumela noma ukwamukela amandla kusuka eziqondisweni eziningi ohlangothini olulodwa kuzomele udizayine uthi olunokuqondisa okuphansi.Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zama-antenna okuqondisa okuphansi zifaka imisakazo yemoto, omakhalekhukhwini, nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi okungenantambo kwekhompyutha.Ngokuphambene, uma wenza inzwa yokulawula ukude noma ukudlulisa amandla okuhlosiwe, kuzodingeka i-antenna eqonde kakhulu.Ama-antenna aqondiswe kakhulu azokwandisa ukudluliswa kwamandla esuka endaweni oyifunayo futhi anciphise amasignali asuka ezindleleni ezingafunwa.
Ake sithi sifuna i-antenna ephansi yokuqondisa.Sikwenza kanjani lokhu?
Umthetho ojwayelekile wethiyori ye-antenna ukuthi udinga i-antenna encane kagesi ukuze ukhiqize ukuqondisa okuphansi.Okusho ukuthi, uma usebenzisa i-antenna enosayizi ophelele we-0.25 - 0.5 wavelength, uzonciphisa ukuqondisa.Ama-antenna e-dipole ayingxenye yegagasi noma izimpondo ze-wavelength eziyisigamu ngokuvamile zinokuqondiswa okungaphansi kuka-3 dB.Lokhu kuphansi njengokuqondisa ongakuthola ekusebenzeni.
Ekugcineni, asikwazi ukwenza izinti zibe zincane kunekota ye-wavelength ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kanye nomkhawulokudonsa we-antenna.Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kanye nomkhawulokudonsa we-antenna kuzoxoxwa ngakho ezahlukweni ezizayo.
Ukuze uthole i-antenna enokuqondisa okuphezulu, sizodinga ama-antenna amasayizi amaningi we-wavelength.Okufana nama-antenna esitsha sesathelayithi nezimpondo zophondo zinokuqondiswa okuphezulu.Ngokwengxenye lokhu kungenxa yokuthi maningi amaza ubude.
Kungani kunjalo?Ekugcineni, isizathu sihlobene nezakhiwo ze-Fourier transform.Uma uthatha i-Fourier transform ye-pulse emfushane, uthola i-spectrum ebanzi.Lesi sifaniso asikho ekunqumeni iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna.Iphethini yemisebe ingacatshangwa njengoguquko lwe-Fourier lokusatshalaliswa kwamandla amanje noma amandla kagesi eduze kothi.Ngakho-ke, izimpondo ezincane zinamaphethini emisebe abanzi (kanye nokuqondisa okuphansi).Ama-antenna ane-voltage enkulu efanayo noma ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje Amaphethini aqondisayo kakhulu (nokuqondisa okuphezulu).
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-07-2023
