Ukuqondisa kuyipharamitha ye-antenna eyisisekelo. Lesi yisilinganiso sokuthi iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna eqondisayo injani. I-antenna ekhipha ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinkomba izoba nokuqondisa okulingana no-1. (Lokhu kulingana nama-decibel ayi-zero -0 dB).
Umsebenzi wezixhumanisi eziyindilinga ungabhalwa njengephethini yemisebe evamile:
[Isibalo 1]
Iphethini yemisebe ejwayelekile inomumo ofanayo nephethini yemisebe yokuqala. Iphethini yemisebe ejwayelekile incishiswa ngobukhulu kangangokuthi inani eliphezulu lephethini yemisebe lilingana no-1. (Elikhulu kunawo wonke yi-equation [1] ka-"F"). Ngokwezibalo, ifomula yokuqondisa (uhlobo "D") ibhalwa kanje:
Lokhu kungase kubonakale njenge-equation eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqondisa. Kodwa-ke, amaphethini emisebe yama-molecule anenani elikhulu kakhulu. I-denominator imelela amandla ajwayelekile akhishwa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. I-equation-ke iyisilinganiso samandla aphezulu akhishwa imisebe ahlukaniswe ngesilinganiso. Lokhu kunikeza isiqondiso se-antenna.
Ipharadigm yokuqondisa
Njengesibonelo, cabangela izilinganiso ezimbili ezilandelayo zephethini yemisebe yama-antenna amabili.
I-Antena 1
I-Antenna 2
Lawa maphethini emisebe adwetshwe kuMfanekiso 1. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi imodi yemisebe iwumsebenzi we-polar angle theta(θ)Iphethini yemisebe akuyona umsebenzi we-azimuth. (Iphethini yemisebe ye-azimuthal ayishintshi). Iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna yokuqala ayiqondisi kangako, kunephethini yemisebe ye-antenna yesibili. Ngakho-ke, silindele ukuthi isiqondiso sibe ngaphansi kwe-antenna yokuqala.
isithombe 1. Umdwebo wephethini yemisebe ye-antenna. Ingabe iqondisa phezulu?
Sisebenzisa ifomula [1], singabala ukuthi i-antenna inesiqondiso esiphezulu. Ukuze uhlole ukuqonda kwakho, cabanga ngeSithombe 1 nokuthi siyini isiqondiso. Bese unquma ukuthi iyiphi i-antenna enesiqondiso esiphezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yiziphi izibalo.
Imiphumela yokubala eqondisiwe, sebenzisa ifomula [1]:
Ukubalwa kwe-antenna eqondisayo 1, 1.273 (1.05 dB).
Ukubalwa kwe-antenna eqondisayo 2, 2.707 (4.32 dB).
Ukwanda kokuqondisa kusho i-antenna egxile kakhulu noma eqondisa ngqo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-antenna ethola ama-2 inamandla okuqondisa aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2.707 kune-antenna eqondisa ngqo. I-Antenna 1 izothola amandla aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.273 kune-antenna eqondisa ngqo. Ama-antenna aqondisa ngqo asetshenziswa njengereferensi evamile yize kungekho ma-antenna a-isotropic akhona.
Ama-antenna eselula kufanele abe nokuqondisa okuphansi ngoba amasignali angavela kunoma iyiphi indlela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-satellite dish anesiqondiso esiphezulu. I-satellite dish ithola amasignali avela ohlangothini oluqondile. Isibonelo, uma uthola i-satellite TV dish, inkampani izokutshela ukuthi uyibhekise kuphi futhi i-dish izothola isignali oyifunayo.
Sizophetha ngohlu lwezinhlobo ze-antenna kanye nokuqondisa kwazo. Lokhu kuzokunikeza umbono wokuthi yikuphi ukuqondiswa okuvamile.
Uhlobo lwe-Antenna Ukuqondisa okuvamile Ukuqondisa okuvamile [i-decibel] (dB)
I-antenna ye-dipole emfushane 1.5 1.76
I-antenna ye-dipole ye-half-wave 1.64 2.15
I-Patch (i-antenna ye-microstrip) 3.2-6.3 5-8
I-antenna ye-Horn 10-100 10-20
I-antenna yesitsha 10-10,000 10-40
Njengoba idatha engenhla ikhombisa ukuthi ukuqondiswa kwe-antenna kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuqondiswa lapho ukhetha i-antenna engcono kakhulu yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluthile. Uma udinga ukuthumela noma ukuthola amandla avela ezindleleni eziningi ohlangothini olulodwa kufanele uklame i-antenna enesiqondiso esiphansi. Izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zama-antenna aqondisa kancane zifaka phakathi imisakazo yezimoto, omakhalekhukhwini, kanye nokufinyelela i-inthanethi engenantambo yekhompyutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma wenza ukuzwela okukude noma ukudluliselwa kwamandla okuqondisiwe, kuzodingeka i-antenna eqondisa kakhulu. Ama-antenna aqondisa kakhulu azokwandisa ukudluliswa kwamandla avela esiqondisweni esifunwayo futhi anciphise amasignali avela ezindleleni ezingafuneki.
Ake sithi sifuna i-antenna eqondisa kancane. Sikwenza kanjani lokhu?
Umthetho ojwayelekile wethiyori ye-antenna ukuthi udinga i-antenna encane kagesi ukuze ukhiqize i-directivity ephansi. Okusho ukuthi, uma usebenzisa i-antenna enobukhulu obuphelele obungu-0.25 - 0.5 wavelength, uzonciphisa i-directivity. Ama-antenna e-half-wave dipole noma ama-antenna e-half-wavelength slot ngokuvamile ane-directivity engaphansi kuka-3 dB. Lokhu kuphansi njengokuqondisa ongakuthola ekusebenzeni.
Ekugcineni, asikwazi ukwenza ama-antenna abe mancane kune-wavelength yekota ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kanye ne-bandwidth ye-antenna. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kanye ne-bandwidth ye-antenna kuzoxoxwa ngazo ezahlukweni ezizayo.
Ukuze uthole i-antenna enokuqondisa okuphezulu, sizodinga ama-antenna anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene be-wavelength. Njenge-antenna ye-satellite dish kanye nama-antenna e-horn anokuqondisa okuphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi anobude be-wavelengths obuningi.
kungani kunjalo? Ekugcineni, isizathu sihlobene nezakhiwo zokuguqulwa kwe-Fourier. Uma uthatha ukuguqulwa kwe-Fourier kwe-short pulse, uthola i-spectrum ebanzi. Lokhu kufana akukhona ekunqumeni iphethini yokukhanya kwe-antenna. Iphethini yokukhanya ingacatshangwa njengokuguqulwa kwe-Fourier kokusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi noma i-voltage eceleni kwe-antenna. Ngakho-ke, ama-antenna amancane anamaphethini okukhanya amakhulu (kanye nokuqondisa okuphansi). Ama-antenna ane-voltage enkulu efanayo noma ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kagesi Amaphethini aqondisa kakhulu (kanye nokuqondisa okuphezulu).
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-07-2023
