Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kubhekisela ekuzuzeni amandla okukhazimulayo kwe-antenna endaweni ethile ehlobene ne-antenna yomthombo wephoyinti efanelekile.Imele amandla emisebe ye-antenna ohlangothini oluthile, okungukuthi, ukwamukela isignali noma ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwe-antenna kuleyo ndawo.Lapho ukuzuza kwe-antenna kuphezulu, kulapho i-antenna isebenza kangcono endaweni ethile futhi ingathola noma idlulise amasignali ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kuvame ukuvezwa ngama-decibel (dB) futhi kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-antenna.
Okulandelayo, ngizokuthatha ukuze uqonde izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuzuza kwe-antenna kanye nendlela yokubala inzuzo ye-antenna, njll.
1. Isimiso sokuzuza kwe-antenna
Uma sikhuluma nje, ukuzuza kwe-antenna isilinganiso sokuminyana kwamandla esiginali okukhiqizwa uthingo lwangempela kanye ne-antenna yomthombo wephoyinti efanelekile endaweni ethile esikhaleni ngaphansi kwamandla okufaka afanayo.Umqondo we-antenna yomthombo wephoyinti ushiwo lapha.Kwenzenjani?Eqinisweni, iwuthi abantu abacabanga ukuthi lukhipha amasignali ngokufanayo, futhi iphethini yalo yomsakazo iyindilinga ehlakazeke ngendlela efanayo.Eqinisweni, ama-antenna anezikhombisi-ndlela zokuzuza emisebeni (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi indawo emisebeni).Isignali endaweni yemisebe izoba namandla kunevelu yemisebe yothiyori womthombo wephuzu, kuyilapho imisebe yesignali kwezinye izinkomba yenziwa buthaka.Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwevelu yangempela kanye nenani lethiyori lapha inzuzo ye-antenna.
Isithombe sibonisa i-RM-SGHA42-10imodeli yomkhiqizo Thola idatha
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimpondo ze-passive ezivame ukubonwa abantu abajwayelekile azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amandla okudlulisela, kodwa futhi zidla amandla okudlulisela.Isizathu sokuthi kungani kusabhekwa njengenzuzo kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izikhombisi-ndlela ziyanikelwa, isiqondiso semisebe sigxilisiwe, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa isignali liyathuthukiswa.
2. Ukubalwa kokuzuza kwezinti
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna empeleni kumelela izinga lemisebe egxilile yamandla angenantambo, ngakho ihlobene eduze nephethini yemisebe ye-antenna.Ukuqonda okuvamile ukuthi ukuba incipha kwe-lobe eyinhloko kanye nokuba ncane kwe-lobe eseceleni kuphethini yemisebe ye-antenna, kuyanda inzuzo .Ngakho-ke ungayibala kanjani inzuzo ye-antenna?Ngothi olujwayelekile, ifomula G (dBi) = 10Lg {32000/(2θ3dB, E × 2θ3dB, H)} ingasetshenziswa ukulinganisa inzuzo yayo.ifomula,
I-2θ3dB, E kanye ne-2θ3dB, H ububanzi bemishayo yothi ezindizeni ezimbili ezinkulu ngokulandelana;I-32000 yidatha yezibalo ze-empirical.
Ngakho-ke kungasho ukuthini uma isidlulisi esingenantambo esingu-100mw sifakwe uthi olunenzuzo ye-+3dbi?Okokuqala, guqula amandla okudlulisa abe isiginali gain dbm.Indlela yokubala ithi:
100mw=10lg100=20dbm
Bese ubala amandla okudlulisa esewonke, alingana nesamba samandla okudlulisa kanye nenzuzo ye-antenna.Indlela yokubala imi kanje:
20dbm+3dbm=23dbm
Ekugcineni, amandla okudlulisela alinganayo abalwa kabusha ngale ndlela elandelayo:
10^ (23/10)≈200mw
Ngamanye amazwi, i-antenna ye-+3dbi ingaphinda kabili amandla okudlulisela alinganayo.
3. Ama-antenna ajwayelekile
Ama-antenna amarutha ethu avamile angama-omnidirectional.Ubuso bayo bemisebe busendizeni evundlile ebheke ku-antenna, lapho inzuzo yemisebe inkulu kakhulu, kuyilapho imisebe engaphezulu nangaphansi kwe-antenna iba buthaka kakhulu.Kufana nokuthatha ilulwane lesignali bese ulenza isicaba kancane.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna "ukwakheka" kwesiginali, futhi usayizi wenzuzo ukhombisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwesiginali.
Kukhona futhi i-antenna yepuleti evamile, ngokuvamile eyi-antenna eqondisayo.Ubuso bayo bemisebe busendaweni emise okwefeni ngqo phambi kwepuleti, futhi amasignali kwezinye izindawo aba buthaka ngokuphelele.Kufana nokwengeza isembozo se-spotlight esibani.
Ngamafuphi, ama-antenna anenzuzo ephezulu anezinzuzo zebanga elide kanye nekhwalithi yesignali engcono, kodwa kufanele anikele ngemisebe eziqondisweni ngazinye (izindlela ezimoshakalayo ngokuvamile).Ama-antenna anenzuzo ephansi ngokuvamile anobubanzi obukhulu bokuqondisa kodwa ububanzi obufushane.Uma imikhiqizo engenantambo iphuma efekthri, abakhiqizi bavamise ukuyilungiselela ngokuya ngezimo zokusetshenziswa.
Ngingathanda ukuncoma imikhiqizo embalwa ye-antenna enenzuzo enhle kuwo wonke umuntu:
RM-BDHA056-11 (0.5-6GHz)
RM-DCPHA105145-20A (10.5-14.5GHz)
RM-SGHA28-10 (26.5-40GHz)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-26-2024
