Ukwanda kwe-antenna kubhekisela ekukhuleni kwamandla okukhanya kwe-antenna ohlangothini oluthile maqondana ne-antenna yomthombo wephuzu elifanele. Imelela ikhono lokukhanya kwe-antenna ohlangothini oluthile, okungukuthi, ukwamukelwa kwesignali noma ukusebenza kahle kokukhishwa kwe-antenna kulolo hlangothi. Uma ukwanda kwe-antenna kuphezulu, kulapho i-antenna isebenza kangcono ohlangothini oluthile futhi ingamukela noma idlulise izimpawu ngempumelelo enkulu. Ukwanda kwe-antenna kuvame ukuvezwa ngama-decibel (dB) futhi kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-antenna.
Okulandelayo, ngizokuqondisa ukuthi uqonde izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuzuza i-antenna nokuthi ungabala kanjani ukuzuza i-antenna, njll.
1. Isimiso sokuzuza kwe-antenna
Ngokwethiyori, inzuzo ye-antenna iyisilinganiso samandla esignali akhiqizwa yi-antenna yangempela kanye ne-antenna yomthombo wephuzu elifanele endaweni ethile esikhaleni ngaphansi kwamandla okufaka afanayo. Umqondo we-antenna yomthombo wephuzu ukhulunywe lapha. Iyini? Eqinisweni, yi-antenna abantu abayicabanga ukuthi ikhipha amasignali ngokufanayo, futhi iphethini yayo yemisebe yesignali iyindilinga esakazeke ngokulinganayo. Eqinisweni, ama-antenna aneziqondiso zokuthola imisebe (ezizobizwa ngokuthi izindawo zokukhanya). Isignali ebusweni bemisebe izoba namandla kunenani lemisebe ye-antenna yomthombo wephuzu eliyithiyori, kuyilapho imisebe yesignali kwezinye izinkomba ibuthakathaka. Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwenani langempela nenani lethiyori lapha inzuzo ye-antenna.
Isithombe sibonisaRM-SGHA42-10imodeli yomkhiqizo Thola idatha
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-antenna angabonakali avame ukubonwa abantu abavamile awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amandla okudlulisa, kodwa futhi asebenzisa amandla okudlulisa. Isizathu sokuthi kungani kusabhekwa njengokuthuthuka kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izikhombisi-ndlela ziyancishiswa, isiqondiso sokukhishwa kwemisebe sigxilile, futhi izinga lokusetshenziswa kwesignali liyathuthuka.
2. Ukubalwa kwenzuzo ye-antenna
Ukwanda kwe-antenna empeleni kumelela izinga lokukhanya okugxilile kwamandla angenantambo, ngakho-ke kuhlobene kakhulu nephethini yokukhanya kwe-antenna. Ukuqonda okuvamile ukuthi uma i-lobe eyinhloko incane futhi i-lobe eseceleni incane kuphethini yokukhanya kwe-antenna, kulapho inzuzo iphakama khona. Ngakho-ke ungayibala kanjani inzuzo ye-antenna? Ku-antenna ejwayelekile, ifomula G (dBi) = 10Lg {32000/(2θ3dB, E × 2θ3dB, H)} ingasetshenziswa ukulinganisa inzuzo yayo. ifomula,
I-2θ3dB, i-E kanye ne-2θ3dB, i-H ububanzi bomsebe we-antenna ezindizeni ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokulandelana; i-32000 idatha yezibalo eqinisekisiwe.
Ngakho-ke kungasho ukuthini uma i-transmitter engenantambo engu-100mw ifakwe i-antenna enenzuzo engu-+3dbi? Okokuqala, guqula amandla okudlulisa abe yi-signal gain dbm. Indlela yokubala yile:
100mw=10lg100=20dbm
Bese ubala inani lamandla okudlulisa, elilingana nenani lamandla okudlulisa kanye nokuzuza kwe-antenna. Indlela yokubala imi kanje:
20dbm+3dbm=23dbm
Ekugcineni, amandla okudlulisa alinganayo abalwa kabusha kanje:
10^（23/10） ≈200mw
Ngamanye amazwi, i-antenna yokuzuza ye-+3dbi ingaphinda kabili amandla okudlulisa alinganayo.
3. Ama-antenna avamile
Ama-antenna ama-router ethu avamile angenantambo angama-antenna aqonde yonke indawo. Ubuso bawo bomsebe busezingeni elivundlile eliqonde ngqo ku-antenna, lapho ukwanda kwemisebe kukhulu khona, kuyilapho imisebe engaphezulu nangaphansi kwe-antenna ibuthakathaka kakhulu. Kufana nokuthatha i-signal bat bese uyinciphisa kancane.
Ukwanda kwe-antenna kumane nje "kuyisimo" sesignali, futhi usayizi wokwanda ubonisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwesignali.
Kukhona futhi i-antenna yepuleti evamile, evame ukuba yi-antenna eqondisa ngqo. Ubuso bayo bomsebe busendaweni emise okwefeni ngqo phambi kwepuleti, futhi izimpawu kwezinye izindawo zibuthakathaka ngokuphelele. Kufana nokwengeza isembozo sokukhanyisa ebhalbhuni lokukhanya.
Ngamafuphi, ama-antenna athola inzuzo ephezulu anezinzuzo zokuba nebanga elide kanye nekhwalithi engcono yesiginali, kodwa kumele adele imisebe ngezindlela ngazinye (ngokuvamile achitha izinkomba). Ama-antenna athola inzuzo encane ngokuvamile anebanga elikhulu kodwa ibanga elifushane. Lapho imikhiqizo engenantambo iphuma efektri, abakhiqizi ngokuvamile bayayihlela ngokwezimo zokusetshenziswa.
Ngingathanda ukuncoma eminye imikhiqizo embalwa ye-antenna enenzuzo enhle kuwo wonke umuntu:
RM-BDHA056-11 (0.5-6GHz)
RM-DCPHA105145-20I-A（10.5-14.5GHz）
RM-SGHA28-10（26.5-40GHz）
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-26-2024
