Ithiyori ye-Antenna ye-Wire Wire Ende: Izinhlobo, Izimiso Zokusebenza kanye Nezicelo Zokuhlola i-RF

Ku-theory ye-antenna, ubudlelwano phakathi kobude be-antenna kanye nobude be-wavelength yokusebenza kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta ukusebenza kwemisebe. I-antenna ende yentambo iyisibonelo esijwayelekile. Ngokungafani ne-dipole emfushane noma i-half-wave dipole, i-antenna ende yentambo ngokuvamile inobude obubonakalayo obungaphezu kobude be-wavelength eyodwa noma yakhiwe yizingxenye eziningi ze-half-wave length.

Ngamagama alula, ubude be-antenna ende yentambo bungachazwa kanje:

L = nx lambda / 2

Kulesi sisho, u-L ubude be-antenna, i-lambda ubude be-wavelength, kanti u-n umelela inani lezingxenye ze-half-wave length. Njengoba ubude bukhula, iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna iba yindlela eqondile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-antenna ende yentambo ingagxila amandla amaningi ezindleleni ezithile esikhundleni sokukhanya ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.

Kungani Ubude Be-Antenna Bubalulekile

Ubude be-antenna buthinta ngqo ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje, i-impedance, i-gain kanye nephethini yemisebe. Lapho i-antenna iba yinde, ugesi oseceleni kwentambo awusasebenzi njenge-radiator emfushane elula. Esikhundleni salokho, izingxenye ezahlukene zocingo zinegalelo ephethini yokugcina yemisebe. Ngenxa yalokho, i-antenna ingakhiqiza imisebe emincane, ama-lobes amaningi kanye nokuqondisa okuphezulu.

Konjiniyela abasebenza ngokuklama i-antenna ye-RF, izinhlelo zokuxhumana noma ukulinganisa i-antenna, ukuqonda lobu budlelwano kuyasiza. Ngisho noma imikhiqizo ye-antenna ye-microwave yesimanje ingasebenzisa ama-antenna e-horn, izakhiwo ze-waveguide, ama-antenna e-planar noma ama-antenna abonisa ukukhanya, isimiso esiyisisekelo sihlala sifana: ubude be-wavelength, isakhiwo somzimba kanye nokuziphatha kwemisebe kuhlobene kakhulu.

Izinhlobo Ezimbili Eziyinhloko Zama-Antenna Ezintambo Ezinde

Ama-antenna ezintambo ezinde avame ukuxoxwa ngawo ngezigaba ezimbili: ama-antenna aphendulayo kanye nama-antenna angewona aphendulayo.

I-antenna ende enentambo ephindaphindayo isebenza ngemvamisa lapho amagagasi amile akheka khona eceleni komqhubi. Kulokhu, ubude be-antenna buhlobene eduze nemvamisa yokusebenza. Amandla ahamba nge-antenna futhi ingxenye yawo ingabonakala, okudala iphethini yegagasi elimile. Ngenxa yalokhu kuziphatha, ama-antenna ende enentambo ephindaphindayo avame ukubhekwa njengezakhiwo eziphindaphindayo futhi angabonisa izici zomsebe we-bidirectional.

I-antenna ende engenamsindo ivame ukuklanywa ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa nokusekela ukuziphatha kwamagagasi okuhamba. I-antenna ivame ukuqedwa ngomthwalo ofanele ukuze igagasi lihambe kakhulu ohlangothini olulodwa. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa amagagasi amile futhi kungenza imisebe ye-antenna ilawulwe kakhudlwana. Kulolu hlobo lwe-antenna, ukufaniswa kwe-impedance kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuthinta indlela amandla alethwa futhi akhishwa ngayo kahle.

Iphethini kanye Nesiqondiso Semisebe

Isici esisodwa esibalulekile se-antenna ende yentambo ukuqondisa kwayo. Njengoba ubude bentambo bukhula, i-antenna ingakhiqiza imisebe enamandla ezindaweni ezikhethiwe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi umklamo uba lula. Ucingo olude lungakhiqiza nama-side lobes amaningi, okumele acatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwesistimu nasekuhlolweni kwe-antenna.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe i-RF esebenzayo, onjiniyela badinga ukuhlola iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna, inzuzo, i-polarization kanye nezici ze-impedance. Lezi zinhlaka zisiza ekunqumeni ukuthi i-antenna ifanele yini izixhumanisi zokuxhumana, izinhlelo zokuhlola, izivivinyo zelebhu noma ezinye izindawo ze-RF.

Ukuxhumana ne-RF kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Microwave

Nakuba ama-antenna ensimbi ende evame ukwethulwa njengesihloko sethiyori ye-antenna eyisisekelo, imiqondo engemuva kwawo ibalulekile nakubunjiniyela be-RF kanye ne-microwave. Ekuhlolweni kwe-antenna yobungcweti, onjiniyela bavame ukuqhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-antenna ngokulinganisa inzuzo, i-VSWR, isiqondiso, i-polarization kanye nephethini yemisebe.

I-RF MISO ithuthukisa futhi ikhiqize ama-antenna namadivayisi okuxhumana ezinhlelo zokusebenza zesistimu yezentengiselwano, yokuhlola kanye neyokuhlola. Imikhiqizo efana nama-antenna e-horn, ama-probe e-waveguide, ama-antenna abonisa ukukhanya, ama-antenna e-planar kanye nezingxenye ze-microwave isetshenziswa kabanzi ekulinganisweni kwe-antenna, ukuhlolwa kwe-RF kanye nocwaningo lwesistimu yokuxhumana. Ukuqonda inkolelo-mbono ye-antenna eyisisekelo kusiza onjiniyela ukukhetha ama-antenna afanele futhi bakhe izinhlelo zokuhlola ezithembeke kakhudlwana.

Isibonelo, lapho bekhetha i-antenna yokuhlola, onjiniyela kungadingeka bacabangele:

- Uhla lwemvamisa yokusebenza
- Inzuzo kanye nesiqondiso
- Ukwehlukana
- Ukufanisa i-VSWR kanye ne-impedance
- Ukuqina kwephethini yemisebe
- Isakhiwo semishini kanye nezimo zokufakwa
- Ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zokulinganisa

Lezi zici azigcini nje kuma-antenna ezintambo ezinde. Zibalulekile futhi kuma-antenna e-microwave horn, ama-antenna e-waveguide kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-antenna ye-RF yobungcweti.

Izicelo kanye Nenani Lobunjiniyela

Ithiyori ye-antenna yentambo ende iwusizo ekuqondeni imisebe eqondisayo, ukwakheka okuhlobene nobude be-wavelength kanye nokuziphatha kwamagagasi okuhamba. Emsebenzini wobunjiniyela wangempela, izimiso ezifanayo ziyavela ezinhlakeni eziningi ze-antenna, kufaka phakathi ama-antenna e-V, ama-antenna e-rhombic, ama-antenna e-log-periodic kanye nezinye izinhlelo ze-antenna eziqondisayo.

Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-RF zesimanje kanye ne-microwave, ukusebenza kwe-antenna kumele kuqinisekiswe ngokulinganisa okufanele. I-antenna eklanywe kahle akufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zethiyori kuphela kodwa futhi isebenze ngokwethembeka endaweni yokusebenza yangempela. Yingakho ukulinganisa i-antenna kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-RF kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu.

Isiphetho

I-antenna ende yentambo ingumqondo obalulekile kumbono we-antenna. Ubude bayo, ubude be-wavelength, isimo se-resonance kanye nendlela yokuqeda konke kuthinta iphethini yemisebe kanye nokuqondisa. Ngokuqonda umehluko phakathi kwama-antenna ende yentambo e-resonant ne-non-resonant, onjiniyela bangaqonda kangcono ukuthi isakhiwo se-antenna sithonya kanjani ukusebenza kwe-RF.

Kumakhasimende asebenza ekulinganisweni kwe-antenna, ukuhlolwa kwe-microwave, izinhlelo zokuxhumana noma ucwaningo lwelabhorethri, i-RF MISO inikeza imikhiqizo ye-antenna kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-RF kanye ne-microwave. Xhumana ne-RF MISO ukuze uxoxe ngebanga lakho lokuvama elidingekayo, uhlobo lwe-antenna kanye nezidingo zokuhlola.