Isixhumi se-antenna iyisixhumi se-elekthronikhi esisetshenziswa ukuxhuma imishini yamaza omsakazo kanye nezintambo.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukudlulisa amasignali amaza aphezulu.
Isixhumi sinezici ezinhle kakhulu zokuqhathanisa ne-impedance, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kwesignali nokulahlekelwa kuyancishiswa ngesikhathi sokudlulisa phakathi kwesixhumi nekhebula.Ngokuvamile zinezici ezinhle zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwamagnetic kwangaphandle ukuthi kuthinte ikhwalithi yesignali.
Izinhlobo zezixhumi ezivamile ze-antenna zifaka i-SMA, i-BNC, uhlobo lwe-N, i-TNC, njll., ezifanele izidingo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza.
Lesi sihloko sizokwethula nezixhumi ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa:
Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwesixhumi
Isixhumi se-SMA
Isixhumi sohlobo lwe-SMA i-RF coaxial yisixhumi se-RF/microwave esaklanywa ngabakwa-Bendix no-Omni-Spectra ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950.Kwakungesinye sezixhumi ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.
Ekuqaleni, izixhumi ze-SMA bezisetshenziswa kumakhebuli angama-coaxial angu-0.141″ aqinile, asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezinhlelweni ze-microwave embonini yezempi, ngokugcwaliswa kwe-Teflon dielectric.
Ngenxa yokuthi isixhumi se-SMA sincane ngosayizi futhi singasebenza kumafrikhwensi aphezulu (ububanzi befrikhwensi yi-DC ukuya ku-18GHz uma sihlanganiswe nezintambo eziqinile kancane, kanye ne-DC ukuya ku-12.4GHz uma sihlanganiswe namakhebuli aguqukayo), sithola ukuduma ngokushesha.Ezinye izinkampani manje seziyakwazi ukukhiqiza izixhumi ze-SMA ezizungeze i-DC~27GHz.Ngisho nokuthuthukiswa kwezixhumi zamagagasi amamilimitha (ezifana no-3.5mm, 2.92mm) kubheka ukuhambisana kwemishini nezixhumi ze-SMA.
Isixhumi se-SMA
Isixhumi se-BNC
Igama eligcwele lesixhumi se-BNC yi-Bayonet Nut Connector (isixhumi esingena-fit, leli gama likuchaza ngokucacile ukuma kwalesi sixhumi), esiqanjwe ngomshini waso wokukhiya i-bayonet kanye nabaqambi baso u-Paul Neill no-Carl Concelman.
iyisixhumi esivamile se-RF esinciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwegagasi/ukulahlekelwa.Izixhumi ze-BNC zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziphansi ukuya kwamaphakathi futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezingenantambo, omabonakude, okokusebenza kokuhlola, namathuluzi kagesi e-RF.
Izixhumi ze-BNC nazo zasetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi amakhompyutha okuqala.Isixhumi se-BNC sisekela amaza amasignali asuka ku-0 kuye ku-4GHz, kodwa futhi singasebenza kufika ku-12GHz uma inguqulo ekhethekile yekhwalithi ephezulu edizayinelwe le frikhwensi isetshenziswa.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-impedance yesici, okuyi-50 ohms nama-75 ohms.Izixhumi ze-50 ohm BNC zidume kakhulu.
Uhlobo lwe-N Isixhumi
Isixhumi se-antenna sohlobo lwe-N sasungulwa ngu-Paul Neal e-Bell Labs ngeminyaka yawo-1940.Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N ekuqaleni zaziklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamasosha kanye nezinkundla zezindiza zokuxhuma amasistimu e-radar nezinye izinto zokusebenza zamafrikhwensi omsakazo.Isixhumi sohlobo lwe-N siklanywe ngoxhumo olunentambo, sinikeza ukufanisa okuhle kwe-impedance nokusebenza kokuvikela, futhi sifanele amandla aphezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zefrikhwensi ephansi.
Ibanga lokuvama kwezixhumi Zohlobo N ngokuvamile lincike ekwakhiweni okukhethekile namazinga okukhiqiza.Ngokuvamile, izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zingamboza ibanga lefrikhwensi ukusuka ku-0 Hz (DC) kuye ku-11 GHz ukuya ku-18 GHz.Kodwa-ke, izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zekhwalithi ephezulu zingasekela ububanzi befrikhwensi, zifinyelele ngaphezu kuka-18 GHz.Ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo, izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zefrikhwensi ephansi ukuya emaphakathi, njengokuxhumana okungenantambo, ukusakaza, ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi kanye nezinhlelo ze-radar.
Isixhumi sohlobo lwe-N
Isixhumi se-TNC
Isixhumi se-TNC (i-Threaded Neill-Concelman) yasungulwa ngokuhlanganyela ngu-Paul Neill no-Carl Concelman ekuqaleni kwawo-1960.Kuyinguqulo ethuthukisiwe yesixhumi se-BNC futhi isebenzisa indlela yokuxhuma enentambo.
I-impedance yesici ingu-50 ohms, futhi ibanga elilungile lokusebenzisa imvamisa ngu-0-11GHz.Ku-microwave frequency band, izixhumi ze-TNC zisebenza kangcono kunezixhumi ze-BNC.Inezici zokumelana nokushaqeka okuqinile, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomshini nezikagesi, njll., futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kumishini yomsakazo nezinsimbi zikagesi zokuxhuma izintambo ze-coaxial ze-RF.
3.5mm Isixhumi
Isixhumi esingu-3.5mm yisixhumi se-radio frequency coaxial.Idayamitha yangaphakathi yekhondatha yangaphandle ngu-3.5mm, i-impedance yesici ingu-50Ω, futhi indlela yokuxhuma iyintambo engu-1/4-36UNS-2 intshi.
Maphakathi nawo-1970, izinkampani zaseMelika iHewlett-Packard kanye ne-Amphenol (ikakhulukazi ithuthukiswe yi-HP Company, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwenziwa yi-Amphenol Company) yethula isixhumi esingu-3.5mm, esinemvamisa yokusebenza efika ku-33GHz futhi ingeyokuqala. ifrikhwensi yomsakazo engasetshenziswa kubhendi yegagasi yemilimitha.Esinye sezixhumi ze-coaxial.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezixhumi ze-SMA (kuhlanganise ne-Southwest Microwave's "Super SMA"), izixhumi ezingu-3.5mm zisebenzisa i-air dielectric, zinamakhondaktha angaphandle aminyene kunezixhumi ze-SMA, futhi zinamandla angcono okusebenza.Ngakho-ke, akukhona kuphela ukusebenza kukagesi okungcono kunezixhumi ze-SMA, kodwa ukuqina kokusebenza nokusebenza okuphindaphindwayo nakho kuphakeme kunalokhu kwezixhumi ze-SMA, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa embonini yokuhlola.
2.92mm Isixhumi
Isixhumi esingu-2.92mm, abanye abakhiqizi basibiza ngo-2.9mm noma isixhumi sohlobo lwe-K, kanti abanye abakhiqizi basibiza nge-SMK, i-KMC, isixhumi se-WMP4, njll., iyisixhumi sefrikhwensi yomsakazo esinobubanzi bangaphakathi bekhondatha obungu-2.92mm.Izici I-impedance ingu-50Ω futhi indlela yokuxhuma iyintambo engu-1/4-36UNS-2 intshi.Isakhiwo sayo sifana nesixhumi esingu-3.5mm, sincane nje.
Ngo-1983, unjiniyela omkhulu wakwa-Wiltron u-William.Old.Field wakha isixhumi esisha sohlobo lwe-2.92mm/K ngokususelwe ekufingqeni nasekunqobeni izixhumi zamagagasi zamamilimitha ezethulwe ngaphambilini (Isixhumi sohlobo lwe-K wuphawu lokuhweba).I-diameter ye-conductor yangaphakathi yalesi sixhumi ingu-1.27mm futhi ingahlanganiswa nezixhumi ze-SMA nezixhumi ezingu-3.5mm.
Isixhumi esingu-2.92mm sisebenza kahle kakhulu kugesi ebangeni lefrikhwensi (0-46) GHz futhi sisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo nezixhumi ze-SMA nezixhumi ezingu-3.5mm.Ngenxa yalokho, ngokushesha yaba esinye sezixhumi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-mmWave.
2.4mm Isixhumi
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesixhumi esingu-2.4mm kwenziwa ngokuhlanganyela yi-HP (umanduleli we-Keysight Technologies), i-Amphenol kanye ne-M/A-COM.Ingacatshangwa njengenguqulo encane yesixhumi esingu-3.5mm, ngakho-ke kukhona ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwemvamisa ephezulu.Lesi sixhumi sisetshenziswa kakhulu kumasistimu we-50GHz futhi empeleni singasebenza kufika ku-60GHz.Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokuthi izixhumi ze-SMA nezingu-2.92mm zijwayele ukulimala, isixhumi esingu-2.4mm siklanyelwe ukuqeda lezi zinkinga ngokwandisa ubukhulu bodonga lwangaphandle lwesixhumi nokuqinisa izikhonkwane zesifazane.Lo mklamo omusha uvumela isixhumi esingu-2.4mm ukuthi sisebenze kahle ezinhlelweni zamaza aphezulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezixhumi ze-antenna kuye kwavela emiklamo elula kuya ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezixhumi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, izixhumi ziyaqhubeka nokulandela izici zosayizi omncane, imvamisa ephezulu kanye nomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zokuxhumana okungenantambo.Isixhumi ngasinye sinezici zaso kanye nezinzuzo ezimweni ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, ngakho-ke ukukhetha isixhumi esifanele se-antenna kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuzinza kokudluliswa kwesignali.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-26-2023
