Ama-antenna ensimbi angenye yezinhlobo eziyisisekelo zama-antenna. Ayaziwa futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi. Ukuze siqonde kangcono ama-antenna ensimbi, ake siqale sibheke umugqa wokudlulisela.
Umugqa Wokudlulisela
Ulayini wokudlulisa, noma ucingo, uthwala amandla kagesi ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye. Uma zombili iziphetho zolayini wokudlulisa zixhunywe kumasekethe, ulwazi lungadluliselwa noma lwamukelwe phakathi kwamasekethe amabili ngale ntambo.
Uma ingxenye eyodwa yocingo ishiywe ivuliwe, amandla kagesi azozama ukuphuma. Lokhu kuholela ekuxhumaneni okungenantambo. Uma ingxenye yocingo igobile, amandla azophuma emgqeni wokudlulisela ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu kunangaphambili. Lokhu kuphuma okuhlosiwe kubizwa ngokuthi imisebe.
Ukuze kufezwe imisebe ephumelelayo, i-impedance ekugcineni okuvulekile komugqa wokudlulisela idinga ukuhambisana ne-impedance yesikhala esikhululekile. Cabanga ngomugqa wokudlulisela onobude obuyikota yobude be-wavelength. Isiphelo sawo esikude sishiywa sivulekile futhi sigobile, ngaleyo ndlela sibonisa i-impedance ephezulu. Lesi sakhiwo sakha i-antenna ye-dipole engamagagasi ayisithupha. Ngenkathi isiphelo sokuphakelayo somugqa wokudlulisela sine-impedance ephansi, i-impedance ephezulu ekugcineni okuvulekile ifana ne-impedance yesikhala esikhululekile, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwemisebe okuthuthukisiwe.
I-Dipole
Uma amandla ekhishwa ngentambo enjalo egobile, ukuphela komugqa wokudlulisela kubizwa ngokuthi i-dipole noma i-dipole antenna.
Ukusabela kwe-input impedance kuwumsebenzi we-radius kanye nobude be-dipole. Uma i-radius incane, kulapho ubukhulu be-reactance bukhula khona, futhi i-reactance ilingana nobude be-wavelength. Ngakho-ke, ubude kanye ne-radius ye-dipole kudingeka kucatshangelwe. Ngokuvamile, i-impedance ye-antenna ye-dipole icishe ibe ngu-72 Ω.
Isithombe esingezansi sisiza ukuchaza lo mqondo ngokucacile.
Lesi sibalo sibonisa umdwebo wesekethe we-dipole elula exhunywe kumugqa wokudlulisa. Ku-antenna ye-dipole, ugesi uphezulu kakhulu enkabeni futhi wehla uye ku-zero emaphethelweni, kuyilapho i-voltage iphansi kakhulu enkabeni futhi ikhuphuka iye phezulu emaphethelweni.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zama-antenna ezintambo zifaka: i-antenna ye-dipole engamagagasi ayisithupha, i-antenna ye-dipole egoqwe ngamagagasi ayisithupha, i-antenna ye-dipole egcwele amagagasi, i-antenna ye-dipole emfushane, kanye ne-antenna ye-dipole engenamkhawulo. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zama-antenna zizoxoxwa ngazo ezahlukweni ezilandelayo.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-29-2026
