I-radiation yigama elichaza amandla amaza kagesi adluliselwa noma atholwe yi-antenna. Kunoma yimuphi umfanekiso we-antenna, umdwebo obonisa izici ze-radiation ye-antenna waziwa ngokuthi iphethini yayo ye-radiation. Ngokubheka iphethini ye-radiation, umuntu angaqonda ngokunembile ukusebenza kanye nokuqondisa kwe-antenna. Amandla akhishwa yi-antenna athinta izifunda eziseduze nensimu kanye nezindawo ezikude.
Ngokwemidwebo, imisebe ingavezwa njengomsebenzi wesikhundla se-angle se-antenna kanye nebanga le-radial. Lo msebenzi wezibalo uchaza izici zemisebe ye-antenna, evame ukumelelwa yinsimu kagesi u-E(θ,ϕ) kanye nensimu yamagnetic u-H(θ,ϕ) kuma-coordinates ayindilinga.
Iphethini Yokushiswa Kwemisebe
Amandla akhishwa yi-antenna abonakala ngephethini yawo yemisebe. Iphethini yemisebe iwumfanekiso ocacile wendlela amandla akhishwa ngayo asatshalaliswa ngayo emkhathini njengomsebenzi wesiqondiso. Manje ake sibheke amaphethini ajwayelekile emisebe yamandla.
Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna ye-dipole. Amandla akhishwa imisebe amelelwa iphethini edwetshwe ngezindlela ezithile, ngemicibisholo ekhombisa indlela yemisebe. Amaphethini emisebe angahlukaniswa njengamaphethini ensimu noma amaphethini wamandla.
•Iphethini yensimu iwumsebenzi wamasimu kagesi namagnetic futhi ivame ukudwetshwa esikalini se-logarithmic.
•Iphethini yamandla iwumsebenzi wesikwele sobukhulu bensimu kagesi kanye neyamagnetic futhi ivame ukudwetshwa esikalini se-logarithmic, okungukuthi, ku-dB.
Iphethini Yemisebe Ye-3D
Iphethini yemisebe ye-3D iyigrafu enezinhlangothi ezintathu edwetshwe ngama-coordinates ayindilinga (r,θ,ϕ), lapho imvelaphi yayo iphakathi nendawo yesistimu yama-coordinates. Ivela njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi —
Lesi sibalo sibonisa iphethini yemisebe ye-3D ye-antenna eqondisa yonke indawo, ekhombisa ngokucacile ama-axes amathathu e-coordinate (x, y, z).
Iphethini Yemisebe Ye-2D
Iphethini yemisebe ye-2D ingatholakala ngokuhlukanisa iphethini ye-3D ibe yizindiza ezivundlile neziqondile. Amaphethini amabili aphumelayo abizwa ngokuthi iphethini yendiza evundlile kanye nephethini yendiza evundlile, ngokulandelana.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lesi sibalo sibonisa iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna eqondene nendawo yonke endizeni ye-H kanye nendiza ye-V. Indiza ye-H imele iphethini evundlile, kanti indiza ye-V imele iphethini eqondile.
Ukwakheka kwe-Lobe
Ekumelweni kwamaphethini emisebe, kuvame ukuhlangana nezimo ezahlukahlukene, ezibonisa izindawo ezinkulu nezincane zemisebe. Lezi zindawo zisiza ekuhloleni ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono, bheka isithombe esingezansi, esibonisa iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna ye-dipole.
Ephethini yokukhanya, ngokuvamile kuba ne-lobe eyinhloko, ama-side lobe, kanye ne-back lobe.
•Ingxenye eyinhloko yensimu ekhishwa imisebe, ehlanganisa indawo enkulu, ibizwa ngokuthi i-lobe eyinhloko noma i-main beam. Yilapho amandla aphezulu akhishwa imisebe eqongelelwe khona, futhi isiqondiso sawo sibonisa ukuqondiswa kwe-antenna.
•Ezinye izingxenye zephethini yemisebe ezisatshalaliswa eceleni zibizwa ngokuthi ama-side lobes noma ama-minor lobes. Lezi yizifunda lapho amandla echithwa khona.
•Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-lobe eqondiswe ngqo eceleni kwe-lobe eyinhloko, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-back lobe, nayo ewuhlobo lwe-side lobe. Inani elikhulu lamandla liyachithwa lapha futhi.
Isibonelo
Uma i-antenna esetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-radar ikhiqiza ama-side lobes, ukulandelela okuqondiwe kuba nzima kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la ma-side lobes aletha ama-false target. Ukuhlukanisa ama-target wangempela kwalawo angamanga kuyakhathaza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza futhi kongiwe amandla, la ma-side lobes kumele acindezelwe noma asuswe.
Isilinganiso Sokulungisa
Amandla akhishwa yimisebe achitheka ngale ndlela kudingeka asetshenziswe. Uma lawa ma-lobe amancane engasuswa futhi lawo mandla aqondiswe ohlangothini olulodwa—okungukuthi, aye ku-lobe eyinhloko—ukuqondiswa kwe-antenna kuyanda, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo.
Izinhlobo Zamaphethini Okukhanya
Izinhlobo ezivamile zamaphethini emisebe zifaka:
•Iphethini Eliqondisa Konke (elibizwa nangokuthi iphethini elingaqondisi): Le phethini ivame ukuvela njengesimo se-donut ekubukeni kwe-3D, kanti ekubukeni kwe-2D yakha iphethini elingu-figure-eight.
•Iphethini Yomsebe Wepensela: Umsebe ubonisa ukuma okubukhali, okufana nepensela eqondisiwe.
•Iphethini Yomsebe Wefeni: Umsebe uba iphethini emise okwefeni.
•Iphethini Yomsebe Obunjiwe: Umsebe ongalingani ongenaphethini ejwayelekile ubizwa ngokuthi iphethini yomsebe obunjiwe.
Indawo yokubhekisela kuzo zonke lezi zinhlobo zemisebe imisebe ye-isotropic. Ngisho noma imisebe ye-isotropic ingabonakali ngokwenyama, isalokhu ibhekisela ebalulekile.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-10-2026
