Iyini i-Inverted V Antenna?
I-antenna engu-V eguquliwe iwuhlobo olusebenzayo lwe-antenna ye-dipole ephakelwa phakathi nendawo. Esikhundleni sokuhlela izakhi ezimbili ezikhipha imisebe emgqeni oqondile ovundlile, indawo yokuphakelayo iphakanyiswa ifike endaweni ephezulu kakhulu kuyilapho izingalo ezimbili ze-antenna zehlela phansi phansi.
Uma sibukwa ohlangothini, isakhiwo sifana nohlamvu olubheke phansi oluthi “V,” olunikeza i-antenna igama laso. Lokhu kuhlelwa kunciphisa isikhala sokufaka esivundlile futhi ngokuvamile kudinga insika eyodwa yokusekela ephakathi, okwenza kube kuhle ekuxhumaneni kwe-HF, ekusetshenzisweni kwensimu, ekuqapheni umsakazo, kanye nokufakwa lapho isikhala noma izakhiwo zokusekela zilinganiselwe.
Nakuba ama-antenna e-V aguquliwe evame ukuhlotshaniswa nebhendi ye-HF engu-3–30 MHz, imvamisa yokusebenza kwawo inqunywa ubude bukagesi kunokuba ibe yibanga elilodwa lemvamisa eliqinile. I-geometry efanayo eyisisekelo ingalinganiswa noma iguqulwe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-RF.
Isakhiwo kanye Nesimiso Sokusebenza
I-antenna evamile ye-V eguquliwe iqukethe izinto ezimbili eziqhubayo ezinobude obufanayo, ezixhunywe endaweni yokuphakela elinganiselayo esicongweni. Indawo yokuphakelayo ephakathi ifakwe esicongweni, embhoshongweni, esisekelweni sophahla, noma kwesinye isakhiwo esingenakho ukudlulisa ugesi, kuyilapho iziphetho zezinto ezimbili zehliswa futhi ziqiniswe ngama-insulator.
I-antenna ngokuvamile yakhelwe njenge-resonant dipole. Ugesi we-RF unamandla kakhulu eduze kwendawo yokuphakela futhi uncipha kancane kancane uye emaphethelweni avulekile. Izakhi ezimbili ziphethe ugesi wesiqondiso esiphambene ngokushesha, zikhiqiza amasimu kagesi ahlanganayo ukwakha iphethini yokukhanya iyonke ye-antenna.
Ngokungafani ne-antenna yamagagasi ohambayo, i-V dipole evamile eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo isekela ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje kwamagagasi amile. Ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwayo kuthonywa kakhulu ubude bezinto, impedance yephuzu lokuphakelayo, i-angle ye-apex, ububanzi bomqhubi, ukuphakama kokufakwa, nezinto ezizungezile.
I-Apex Angle kanye neJiyomethri Yokufakwa
I-engeli ephakathi kwezingalo ezimbili ze-antenna ibizwa ngokuthi i-apex angle noma i-included angle. Ukuhlelwa okuvamile okusebenzayo kusebenzisa i-engeli engaba ngu-90° kuya ku-120°, yize inani elihle kakhulu lincike ku-frequency ehlosiwe, i-impedance, isikhala esitholakalayo, kanye nephethini yemisebe efiselekayo.
Ukunciphisa i-apex angle kunciphisa indawo evundlile, kodwa futhi kushintsha ukuhlangana phakathi kwezingalo ezimbili ze-antenna. Njengoba izingalo zisondelana, i-feed-point impedance kanye nemvamisa ye-resonant kungase kushintshe, futhi inzuzo ye-peak ingancishiswa kancane.
I-peak ngokuvamile kufanele ibekwe phezulu futhi icace bha ezizungezile izakhiwo eziqhubayo ngendlela engokoqobo. Akukho mthetho ojwayelekile othi kumele ihlale ingaphansi kwe-wavelength yekota. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuphakama kokufakwa kufanele kukhethwe ngokuya nge-engeli yokuphakama edingekayo, imodi yokusabalala, ukwesekwa okutholakalayo, kanye nezimo zomhlabathi.
Iziphetho zentambo kufanele futhi zihlale ziphephile ngaphezu komhlabathi futhi zingabi nabantu, izakhiwo, izintambo zikagesi, nezinto zensimbi.
Ubude bemvamisa kanye ne-Element
Ama-antenna amaningi e-V aguquliwe aklanywe ngobude obuphelele bomqhubi obuseduze nobude be-wavelength obuyisigamu ku-frequency yokusebenza ehlosiwe. Empeleni, ubude obubonakalayo buvame ukulungiswa kancane ngoba ububanzi bomqhubi, i-insulation, ukuphakama kokufakwa, i-angle ye-apex, nezinto eziseduze kuthinta i-frequency ye-resonant.
Ubude be-wavelength obulinganiselwe besikhala esikhululekile buhlobene nemvamisa nge:
[\lambda = \frac{c}{f}]
kuphi:
- (\lambda) ubude besikhathi;
- (c) ijubane lokukhanya;
- (f) imvamisa yokusebenza.
Lesi sibalo sinikeza isilinganiso sokuqala, kodwa ubukhulu bokugcina be-antenna kufanele buqinisekiswe ngokulingiswa kwe-electromagnetic noma ukulinganisa ukulahleka kokubuya kanye ne-VSWR.
Iphethini Yokushiswa Kwemisebe
Iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna ye-V eguquliwe ihlobene neye-dipole ye-half-wave evundlile, kodwa ukugoba izakhi phansi kushintsha ukusatshalaliswa kwensimu okunezinhlangothi ezintathu.
I-dipole eqondile evundlile ngokuvamile ikhiqiza uhlangothi olukhulu lwemisebe olwengeziwe ocingweni kanye nama-null ajulile emaphethelweni alo. Ekucushweni kwe-V okuguquliwe, izingalo ezibheke phansi zivame ukugcwalisa amanye ala ma-null, okudala ukumbozwa kwe-azimuth okubanzi futhi okuvame ukufana kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke i-antenna akufanele ichazwe ngokuzenzakalelayo njengeqondisa ohlangothini olulodwa. Kuye nge-engeli ye-apex, ukuphakama ngaphezu komhlabathi, izici zenhlabathi, kanye nemvamisa yokusebenza, iphethini evundlile ingaba cishe ohlangothini olulodwa noma ingagcina isiqondiso esimaphakathi se-broadside.
Ukuphakama kokufakwa nakho kunethonya elikhulu kuphethini yokuphakama. I-HF ephansi kakhulu eguqulwe nge-V ingakhiqiza imisebe enamandla ye-high-engela, engaba usizo ekuxhumaneni kwe-Near Vertical Incidence Skywave. Ukufakwa okuphezulu kungasekela ama-engeli aphansi okusuka afaneleka kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwebanga elide.
Ukwehlukaniswa
I-antenna ye-V eguquguqukayo ehambisanayo ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengehlukaniswe ngokuvundlile ngoba izingxenye zamanje ezivundlile ezivela ezintweni ezimbili ezigobile ziyaqinisana.
Kodwa-ke, izingalo ezigobile nazo zethula izingxenye zensimu eziqondile. Umnikelo wazo uncike ekhoneni le-apex, ukuma kwe-antenna, ukuphakama kokufakwa, ukubonakaliswa komhlabathi, kanye nendawo ezungezile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukwahlukana kwangempela ekufakweni kwangempela kungase kungabi ngokuvundlile ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Ukondla kanye nokulinganisa i-Impedance
Ngenxa yokuthi i-inverted V iyi-antenna elinganiselayo, kungcono ukuyiphakela ngomugqa wokudlulisela olinganiselayo noma ukusebenzisa i-balun efanele uma uyixhuma kukhebula le-coaxial elingalinganiseli.
I-balun isiza ukunciphisa ugesi wemodi evamile emgqeni wokuphakelayo. Ngaphandle kokulawula ugesi okufanele, ikhebula le-coaxial lingaba yingxenye yesistimu yokukhanya, lishintshe ukuvimba kwe-antenna, iphethini yokukhanya, i-polarization, kanye nokusebenza komsindo.
I-input impedance ithintwa yi:
- I-angle ye-Apex
- Ubude be-element kanye nobubanzi
- Ukuphakama ngaphezu komhlabathi
- Ukuqhuba komoya phansi
- Izakhiwo eziseduze
- Ukuhlelwa komugqa wokuphakelayo
- Imvamisa yokusebenza
Ngemva kokufakwa, onjiniyela kufanele balinganise ukulahlekelwa kokubuya noma i-VSWR bese besika izakhi noma balungise inethiwekhi efanayo uma kudingeka.
Izinzuzo ze-Inverted V Antenna
Ukucushwa kwe-V okuguquliwe kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezisebenzayo:
- Kudinga ukwesekwa okukodwa okuphakathi okuphezulu kuphela
- Ihlala isikhala esincane esivundlile kune-dipole eqondile
- Ukwakhiwa okulula futhi okungabizi kakhulu
- Ifanele ukufakwa okuphathekayo nokungaguquki
- Ihlinzeka ngembobo ebanzi ye-azimuth
- Kungaklanywa ukusebenza kwebhendi eyodwa noma amabhendi amaningi
- Iwusizo kwezokuxhumana kwe-HF kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-NVIS
Ukulinganiselwa Kokuklama
I-antenna nayo inemikhawulo eminingana:
- Izinguquko ze-impedance ye-feed-point nge-engeli ye-apex
- Inzuzo ingaba ngaphansi kancane kuneye-dipole evundlile efakwe kahle
- Ukusebenza kuyazwela ukuphakama kokufakwa kanye nezimo zomhlabathi
- Iziphetho zezintambo eziphansi zingadala ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha nokulahlekelwa
- Izakhiwo zensimbi eziseduze zingase ziphazamise iphethini yemisebe
- Izinguqulo ze-Resonant ngokuvamile zine-bandwidth yokusebenza elinganiselwe
- Umzila ongalungile womugqa wokuphakelayo ungadala imisebe yemodi evamile
Izicelo Ezijwayelekile
Ama-antenna e-V aguquliwe avame ukusetshenziswa ku:
- Ukuxhumana ngomsakazo we-HF
- Izinhlelo zokudlulisa nokwamukela amaza amafushane
- Iziteshi zomsakazo ze-Amateur
- Ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo kanye nensimu
- Izinhlelo ze-Skywave eziseduze ne-Vertical Incidence
- Ukuqapha umsakazo kanye nokubuka kwe-spectrum
- Iziteshi zokuxhumana eziphathwayo
- Imfundo ye-antenna, ukulingisa, kanye nokuhlolwa kokulinganisa
Ukubaluleka Kobunjiniyela
I-antenna ye-V eguquliwe ibonisa ukuthi ushintsho oluncane kakhulu ku-geometry ye-antenna lungathinta kanjani i-impedance, i-polarization, i-gain, kanye nokumbozwa kwemisebe.
Ukuqonda lobu budlelwano akusizi nje kuphela ekwakhiweni kwe-wire-antenna, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukisweni nasekuhlolweni kwama-antenna e-broadband, ama-antenna e-horn, ama-antenna arrays, izinhlelo ze-radar, kanye namapulatifomu okulinganisa i-RF.
I-RF MISOinikeza izixazululo ze-antenna kanye nezingxenye ze-microwave zokuhlola i-RF, ukuxhumana, i-radar, ukulinganisa i-antenna, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu. Ukuqonda okucacile kwethiyori ye-antenna eyisisekelo kusiza onjiniyela ukukhetha imikhiqizo efanelekile futhi bahlole kahle ububanzi bemvamisa, inzuzo, i-polarization, i-beamwidth, i-VSWR, kanye nokusebenza kwephethini yemisebe.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-17-2026
