I-antenna ye-dipole iyanqunywa futhi igotshwe ukuze kutholakale imisebe esebenza kahle. Ubude obuphelele bentambo esetshenziswa njenge-dipole bulingana nengxenye yobude be-wavelength (okungukuthi, l=λ/2）). Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna lubizwa ngokuthi i-antenna ye-dipole ye-half-wave. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zalo, iyi-antenna esetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi yaziwa nangokuthi i-antenna ye-Hertz.
Ibanga Lokuvama
I-antenna ye-half-wave dipole isebenza ngaphezu kwebanga lemvamisa elicishe libe ngu-3 kHz kuya ku-300 GHz, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-radio receiver.
Isakhiwo kanye Nesimiso Sokusebenza se-Half-Wave Dipole
Iyi-antenna eyisisekelo ye-dipole evama ukusebenza kwayo ihambisana nengxenye yobude be-wavelength; ngakho-ke, ibizwa ngokuthi i-antenna ye-dipole ye-half-wave.
Iziphetho ze-dipole zine-voltage ephezulu, okuyi-alternating current (AC) ngokwemvelo. Esicongweni esihle se-voltage, ama-electron avame ukuhamba aye ohlangothini olulodwa, kuyilapho esicongweni esibi, ehamba aye kolunye uhlangothi. Lokhu kungachazwa ngosizo lomfanekiso ongezansi.
Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa isimiso sokusebenza se-half-wave dipole.
Isithombe 1 sibonisa i-dipole uma isesimijikelezweni esihle se-voltage ebangelwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-electron avame ukuthuthela ekushajeni okuhle.
Isithombe 2 sibonisa i-dipole kumjikelezo ongemuhle we-voltage ebangelwe. Lapha, ama-electron avame ukuhamba kude ne-dipole.
Isithombe 3 sibonisa i-dipole kumjikelezo olandelayo omuhle wesigamu. Kuleli qophelo, ama-electron aphinde aqhubekele phambili ekushajeni.
Lo mphumela oqongelelekayo udala insimu kagesi ehlukahlukene, ekhipha ukukhanya ngaphandle ngendlela efanayo naleyo ekhiqizwa ku-dipole uqobo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphuma kwe-antenna kuyimisebe ephumelelayo elandela iphethini yesikhathi ye-voltage yokukhipha. Ngale ndlela, i-half-wave dipole ithola imisebe ephumelelayo.
Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamanje ku-half-wave dipole. Ukwanda kwe-half-wave dipole kungu-2.15 dBi, okuyinto enhle kakhulu. Lapha, uhlamvu “i” lubhekisela ku-radiator ye-isotropic.
Imodi yemisebe
Iphethini yemisebe yale antenna ye-half-wave dipole iqondiswe kuyo yonke indawo ku-H-plane, okwenza ifaneleke ezinhlelweni eziningi ezifana nokuxhumana kweselula kanye nokwamukela umsakazo.
Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa amaphethini emisebe ye-half-wave dipole ku-H-plane kanye ne-V-plane.
Kwi-dipole enobude obuyisigamu sobude be-wavelength (okungukuthi, ubude bokuqala be-resonant), i-radius yayo ayithinti i-input impedance. I-antenna isebenza kahle kakhulu ngemvamisa yayo ye-resonant, eyenzeka ngobude bayo be-resonant.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-05-2026
