Ephethini yemisebe ye-antenna, i-lobe eyinhloko imelela umsebe oyinhloko we-antenna, lapho amandla aphezulu namakhulu kakhulu akhishwa khona.
Ububanzi be-beamwidth buyi-angle width ye-aperture lapho iningi lamandla likhishwa khona. Amapharamitha amabili ayinhloko asetshenziswa ukuchaza ububanzi be-beamwidth yi-Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW) kanye ne-First Null Beamwidth (FNBW).
Ububanzi be-Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW)
Ngokusho kwencazelo ejwayelekile, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-angular lapho i-amplitude yephethini yemisebe yehla khona ngo-50% (okungukuthi, -3 dB) kusukela esicongweni se-lobe eyinhloko kubizwa ngokuthi i-half-power beamwidth.
Ngamanye amazwi, ububanzi be-beadwidth yisifunda lapho i-antenna ikhipha khona iningi lamandla ayo, okuhambisana nesifunda esiseduze namandla aphezulu. Ububanzi be-beadwidth yamandla ayingxenye buyibanga le-angular lapho amandla ahlobene ensimini yemisebe esebenzayo ye-antenna edlula khona u-50% wamandla aphezulu.
Ukuhunyushwa kweJomethri kwe-HPBW
Ephethini yemisebe, dweba umugqa osuka endaweni yokuqala uye ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-lobe eyinhloko ezindaweni zamandla eziyingxenye. I-engeli phakathi kwala mavektha amabili yi-half-power beamwidth (HPBW). Isithombe esilandelayo sisiza ukubonisa lo mqondo.
Isithombe sibonisa i-lobe eyinhloko ye-antenna kanye namaphoyinti wamandla ayingxenye ku-lobe eyinhloko.
Ukuvezwa Kwezibalo
Ifomula elinganiselwe ye-half-power beamwidth yile:
kuphi:
•λ yi-wavelength yokusebenza,
•U-D ubukhulu bokuvuleka kwe-antenna (ngokuvamile ububanzi noma ubude obuseceleni).
Iyunithi yobubanzi be-half-power beamwidth (HPBW) yi-radian noma i-degree.
Ububanzi Bokuqala Obungenalutho (FNBW)
Ngokusho kwencazelo ejwayelekile, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-angular phakathi kwama-null okuqala eduze kwe-lobe eyinhloko kubizwa ngokuthi i-null beamwidth yokuqala.
Ngamagama alula, i-FNBW iyi-angular span phakathi kwama-nulls ephethini yokuqala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomsebe oyinhloko.
Ukuhunyushwa kwe-Jometri kwe-FNBW
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwephethini yemisebe, dweba imigqa eqondile emisebeni eyinhloko ohlangothini ngalunye. I-engeli phakathi kwale migqa emibili eqondile yi-first null beamwidth (FNBW). Isithombe esilandelayo sisiza ukuchaza lo mqondo ngokucacile.
Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa ububanzi be-half-power beamwidth (HPBW) kanye ne-null beamwidth yokuqala (FNBW) kuphethini yemisebe, kanye ne-lobe eyinhloko kanye nama-side lobes abonisiwe.
Ukuvezwa Kwezibalo
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-first null beamwidth (FNBW) kanye ne-half-power beamwidth (HPBW) bungalinganiswa kanje:
Uma sifaka i-HPBW ≈ 70λ/D esikhundleni sayo, sithola:
lapho i-λ ingubude be-wavelength kanye ne-D ingubukhulu bokuvulwa kwe-antenna.
Iyunithi
Iyunithi ye-First Null Beamwidth (FNBW) yi-radian (rad) noma i-degree (°).
Ubude obusebenzayo kanye nendawo ephumelelayo
Phakathi kwamapharamitha e-antenna, ubude obusebenzayo kanye nendawo ephumelelayo nakho kuyizilinganiso ezibalulekile ezisiza ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwe-antenna.
Ubude obusebenzayo
Ubude obusebenzayo be-antenna busetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukusebenza kwayo kahle kwe-polarization.
Incazelo: Ubude obusebenzayo yisilinganiso se-amplitude ye-voltage yesifunda esivulekile kuma-terminal e-antenna amukelayo kuya ku-amplitude yamandla ensimu kagesi eyenzeka ngendlela efanayo ne-antenna. Lapho igagasi lesigameko lifika kokufakwayo kwe-antenna, linamandla athile ensimu kagesi ancike ku-polarization ye-antenna. Lokhu ku-polarization kufanele kufane ne-amplitude ye-voltage kuma-terminal e-receiver ukuze kwamukelwe kahle isignali.
Ukuvezwa Kwezibalo
Inkulumo yezibalo yobude obusebenzayo ithi:
kuphi:
•le ubude obusebenzayo be-antenna,
•I-Voc iyi-amplitude ye-voltage yesifunda esivulekile kuma-terminal e-antenna amukelayo,
•I-Ei ubukhulu bamandla ensimu kagesi eyenzeka ngendlela efanayo ne-antenna.
Indawo Esebenzayo
Incazelo: Indawo ephumelelayo yingxenye yendawo ye-antenna etholayo emunca amandla avela ngaphambili kwegagasi lesigameko bese iyiguqula ibe isignali kagesi; ngokuvamile incane kunendawo yokuvula ebonakalayo ye-antenna.
Ngesikhathi sokwamukela, yonke indawo ebonakalayo ye-antenna ivezwa engxenyeni engaphambili ye-electromagnetic wave, kodwa ingxenye yayo kuphela ebamba isignali ngempumelelo. Le ngxenye ibizwa ngokuthi indawo ephumelelayo.
Isizathu sokuthi kusetshenziswa ingxenye encane yamandla angaphambili kwe-wave ukuthi enye yegagasi lesigameko ihlakazwa yi-antenna, kanti enye ingxenye ingahlakazeka njengokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa, indawo, lapho iphindaphindwa ngamandla esigameko, inikeza amandla aphezulu atholakalayo avela ku-antenna ibizwa ngokuthi indawo ephumelelayo.
Indawo ephumelelayo ivame ukukhonjiswa yi-I-Aeff.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-30-2026
