Lesi sahluko sixoxa ngemingcele yemisebe yemisebe ye-antenna, esisiza siqonde imininingwane yemisebe.
Indawo Yomsebe
Ngokusho kwencazelo ejwayelekile: “Uma amandla emisebe i-P(θ,ϕ) ehlala enanini layo eliphezulu ngaphezu kwe-engeli eqinile i-ΩA futhi ingu-zero kwenye indawo, khona-ke indawo yomugqa yi-engeli eqinile lapho wonke amandla akhishwa yi-antenna edlula khona.”
Ugongolo olukhishwa yi-antenna lukhishwa ngaphakathi kwe-engeli ethile eqinile lapho ubukhali bomsebe buphezulu khona. Le engeli yogongolo oluqinile ibizwa ngokuthi indawo yogongolo futhi iboniswa yi-ΩA.
Ngaphakathi kwale engela eqinile engu-ΩA, ukuqina kwemisebe engu-P(θ,ϕ) kufanele kube okungaguquguquki futhi kube okuphezulu, kanye no-zero kwenye indawo. Ngakho-ke, amandla aphelele akhishwa imisebe anikezwa yi:
Amandla Anemisebe=P(θ,ϕ)⋅ΩA(watts)
I-angle ye-beam ngokuvamile ibhekisela ekhoneni eliqinile phakathi kwamaphuzu wamandla ayingxenye ye-lobe eyinhloko.
Ukuvezwa Kwezibalo
Inkulumo yezibalo yendawo ye-beam ithi:
lapho i-engeli eqinile ehlukene iwukuthi:
dΩ=sinθdθdϕ
Lapha, i-Pn(θ,ϕ) ukuqina kwemisebe okuvamile.
• I-ΩA imele i-engeli yomsebe oqinile (indawo yomsebe).
• θ umsebenzi wesikhundla se-angular.
• ϕ umsebenzi webanga le-radial.
Iyunithi
Iyunithi yendawo yemisebe yii-steradian (sr).
Ukusebenza Kahle Komsebe
Ngokusho kwencazelo ejwayelekile: “Ukusebenza kahle kwe-beam kuyisilinganiso sendawo ye-beam ye-beam eyinhloko nendawo iyonke ye-beam ekhishwe imisebe.”
Amandla akhishwa yi-antenna ancike ekuqondisweni kwayo. Indlela i-antenna ekhishwa ngayo amandla amaningi inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kuyilapho amanye amandla elahleka emaceleni. Isilinganiso samandla aphezulu akhishwayo emsebeni oyinhloko namandla akhishwayo aphelele, ngokulahlekelwa okuncane, sibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe.
Ukuvezwa Kwezibalo
Inkulumo yezibalo yokusebenza kahle kwemisebe yile:
kuphi
•ηB ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe (okungenakulinganiswa),
• I-ΩMB iyi-engeli eqinile (indawo yomsebe) yomsebe oyinhloko,
• I-ΩA iyi-engeli eqinile yomsebe ophelele okhishwe imisebe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Antenna
Ama-antenna angaklanywa nge-polarizations ehlukene ngokuya ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, njenge-polarization eqondile noma eyindilinga. Uhlobo lwe-polarization lunquma izici ze-beam kanye nesimo se-polarization se-antenna ngesikhathi sokwamukelwa noma ukudluliselwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa Okuqondile
Uma igagasi likagesi kagesi lidluliselwa noma lamukelwa, indlela yokusabalala kwalo ingahluka. I-antenna eqondile igcina i-vector yensimu kagesi ivalelwe endizeni eqondile, ngaleyo ndlela igxilisa amandla ohlangothini oluthile ngenkathi icindezela ezinye izinkomba. Ngakho-ke, i-linear polarization isiza ukuthuthukisa indlela yokusabalala kwe-antenna.
Ukuhlukaniswa Okuyindilinga
Kugagasi eliyindilinga eliyindilinga, i-electric field vector iyajikeleza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingxenye zayo ezihambisanayo zilingana ngokuphakama kanye no-90° ngaphandle kwesigaba, okuholela ekutheni kungabikho siqondiso esiqondile. I-circular polarization inciphisa ngempumelelo imiphumela ye-multipath futhi ngenxa yalokho isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwesathelayithi, njenge-GPS.
Ukuhlukaniswa Okuvundlile
Amagagasi avundlile atholakala kalula angase abonakale ebusweni boMhlaba, okubangela ukuncishiswa kwesignali, ikakhulukazi kumaza angaphansi kwe-1 GHz. Ukuvundlile okuvundlile kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa kwesignali kamabonakude ukuze kufezwe isilinganiso esingcono sesignali kuya komsindo.
Ukuhlukaniswa Okuqondile
Amagagasi aphansi anemvamisa ephansi avundlile azuzisa ukusabalala kwamagagasi omhlaba. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-polarization evundlile, amagagasi ane-polar avundlile awathinteki kakhulu ukubonakaliswa kobuso ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni ngeselula.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-polarization lunezinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yalo. Abaklami bezinhlelo ze-RF bangakhetha ngokukhululekile i-polarization efanele ngokwezidingo ezithile zesistimu.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-24-2026
