Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuhlobene namandla anikezwa ithikithi namandla akhishwa uthi.I-antenna esebenza kahle kakhulu izokhipha amandla amaningi alethwa othi.I-antenna engasebenzi kahle imunca iningi lamandla alahlekayo ngaphakathi kothi.I-antenna engasebenzi kahle ingase ibe namandla amaningi avela ngenxa yokungahambisani kahle kwe-impedance.Yehlisa amandla omsebe we-antenna engasebenzi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nothi olusebenza kahle kakhulu.
[Inothi eseceleni: Ukuphazamiseka kwe-antenna kuxoxwa ngakho esahlukweni esilandelayo.Ukungafani kwe-impedance kuboniswa amandla avela ku-antenna ngoba i-impedance iyivelu engalungile.Ngakho-ke, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-impedance mismatch.]
Uhlobo lokulahlekelwa ngaphakathi kwe-antenna ukulahleka kokuqhuba.Ukulahleka kwe-conduction kungenxa ye-conductivity enomkhawulo ye-antenna.Enye indlela yokulahlekelwa ukulahlekelwa kwe-dielectric.Ukulahleka kwe-Dielectric ku-antenna kubangelwa ukuqhutshwa kwezinto ze-dielectric.Izinto ezivikelayo zingase zibe khona ngaphakathi noma eduze nothi.
Isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kumandla akhazimulayo singabhalwa njengamandla okufakwayo we-antenna.Lesi sibalo [1].Kwaziwa nangokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna emisebeni.
[Isibalo 1]
Ukusebenza kahle isilinganiso.Lesi silinganiso sihlala siyinani eliphakathi kuka-0 no-1. Ukusebenza kahle kuvame ukunikezwa ngephuzu lephesenti.Isibonelo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-0.5 kufika ku-50% okufanayo.Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna nakho kuvame ukucashunwa kuma-decibel (dB).Ukusebenza kahle kuka-0.1 kulingana no-10%.Lokhu futhi kulingana nama-decibel angu-10 (-10 decibel).Ukusebenza kahle kuka-0.5 kulingana nama-50%.Lokhu futhi kulingana nama-decibel -3 (dB).
I-equation yokuqala kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna.Lokhu kuyayihlukanisa kwelinye igama elivame ukusetshenziswa elibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-antenna.Ukusebenza Okuphumelelayo Kwengqikithi Ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna kuphindaphindwa ngokulahlekelwa kokungafani kokushayisana kwe-antenna.Ukulahleka kokushayisana kwe-impedance kwenzeka lapho uthi lwe-antenna luxhunywe ngokoqobo entanjeni yokudlulisela noma umamukeli.Lokhu kungafingqwa ngefomula [2].
[Isibalo 2]
ifomula [2]
Ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kokubambezeleka kuhlala kuyinombolo ephakathi kuka-0 no-1. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuhlale kungaphansi kokusebenza kahle kwemisebe.Ukuphinda lokhu, uma kungekho ukulahlekelwa, ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe kuyalingana nenani eliphelele le-antenna ngenxa yokungahambelani kahle kwe-impedance.
Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kungenye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu ye-antenna.Ingase isondele kakhulu ku-100% ngesitsha sesathelayithi, i-antenna yophondo, noma i-half wavelength dipole ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi impahla elahlekile ezungezile.Izimpondo zamaselula noma izimpondo ze-electronics zabathengi ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle ngo-20% -70%.Lokhu kulingana no -7 dB -1.5 dB (-7, -1.5 dB).Imvamisa ngenxa yokulahleka kwezinto zikagesi nezinto ezizungeze uthi.Lokhu kuvame ukumunca amandla athile akhipha imisebe.Amandla aguqulwa abe amandla okushisa futhi ayikho imisebe.Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna.Izinti zomsakazo wemoto zingasebenza kumaza omsakazo we-AM ngokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna okungu-0.01.[Lokhu kungu-1% noma -20 dB.] Lokhu kungasebenzi kungenxa yokuthi uthi luncane kunohhafu we-wavelength kumaza okusebenza.Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna.Izixhumanisi ezingenantambo ziyagcinwa ngoba imibhoshongo yokusakaza ye-AM isebenzisa amandla okudlulisa aphezulu kakhulu.
Ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kokuphazamiseka kuxoxwa ngazo kuSmith Chart kanye nezigaba zokufanisa Impedance.Ukufanisa i-impedance kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna yesikhathi eside kuchaza ukuthi mangakanani amandla adluliswayo ekuqondeni kwemisebe ephezulu, okuhlobene nomthombo we-isotropic.Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kuvame ukucashunwa eshidini lezici ze-antenna.Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kubalulekile ngoba kucabangela ukulahlekelwa kwangempela okwenzekayo.
I-antenna enenzuzo engu-3 dB isho ukuthi amandla atholwe ku-antenna angu-3 dB aphezulu kakhulu kunalawo ebengatholwa ku-antenna ye-isotropic engalahleki enamandla okufaka afanayo.I-3 dB ilingana namandla aphindwe kabili.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kwesinye isikhathi kuxoxwa ngakho njengomsebenzi wokuqondiswa noma i-engeli.Kodwa-ke, lapho inombolo eyodwa icacisa inzuzo, leyo nombolo iwukuthola inani eliphakeme kuzo zonke izinkomba.I-"G" yenzuzo ye-antenna ingaqhathaniswa nokuqondisa kuka-"D" kohlobo lwekusasa.
[Isibalo 3]
Inzuzo ye-antenna yangempela, engaba phezulu njengesitsha sesathelayithi esikhulu kakhulu, ingu-50 dB.Ukuqondisa kungaba ngaphansi njengo-1.76 dB njengothi lweqiniso (njenge-dipole antenna emfushane).Ukuqondisa akusoze kwaba ngaphansi kuka-0 dB.Kodwa-ke, inzuzo ephezulu ye-antenna ingaba kuncane ngokuzenzakalelayo.Lokhu kungenxa yokulahlekelwa noma ukungasebenzi kahle.Izinti ezincane ezisebenza ngogesi ziyizimpondo ezincane ezisebenza kubude begagasi befrikhwensi lapho i-antenna isebenza khona.Izimpondo ezincane zingase zingasebenzi kahle.Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kuka--10 dB, noma ngabe ukungafani komphumela kungacatshangwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-16-2023
