Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuhlobene namandla anikezwa ithikithi namandla akhishwa uthi. I-antenna esebenza kahle kakhulu izokhipha amandla amaningi alethwa othi. I-antenna engasebenzi kahle imunca iningi lamandla alahlekile ngaphakathi kothi. I-antenna engasebenzi kahle ingase ibe namandla amaningi avelayo ngenxa yokungafani kwe-impedance. Yehlisa amandla omsebe we-antenna engasebenzi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nothi olusebenza kahle kakhulu.
[Inothi eseceleni: Ukuphazamiseka kwe-antenna kuxoxwa ngakho esahlukweni esilandelayo. Ukungafani kwe-impedance kuboniswa amandla avela ku-antenna ngoba i-impedance iyivelu engalungile. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-impedance mismatch. ]
Uhlobo lokulahlekelwa ngaphakathi kwe-antenna ukulahleka kokuqhuba. Ukulahlekelwa kokuqhutshwa kubangelwa ukuqhutshwa okulinganiselwe kwe-antenna. Enye indlela yokulahlekelwa ukulahlekelwa kwe-dielectric. Ukulahleka kwe-Dielectric ku-antenna kubangelwa ukuqhutshwa kwezinto ze-dielectric. Izinto ezivikelayo zingase zibe khona ngaphakathi noma eduze nothi.
Isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kumandla akhazimulayo singabhalwa njengamandla okufakwayo we-antenna. Lesi sibalo [1]. Kwaziwa nangokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna emisebeni.
[Isibalo 1]
Ukusebenza kahle isilinganiso. Lesi silinganiso sihlala siyinani eliphakathi kuka-0 no-1. Ukusebenza kahle kuvame ukunikezwa ngephuzu lephesenti. Isibonelo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-0.5 kufika ku-50% okufanayo. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna nakho kuvame ukucashunwa kuma-decibel (dB). Ukusebenza kahle kuka-0.1 kulingana no-10%. Lokhu futhi kulingana nama-decibel angu-10 (-10 decibel). Ukusebenza kahle kuka-0.5 kulingana nama-50%. Lokhu futhi kulingana nama-decibel -3 (dB).
I-equation yokuqala kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna. Lokhu kuyayihlukanisa kwelinye igama elivame ukusetshenziswa elibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-antenna. Ukusebenza Okuphumelelayo Kwengqikithi Ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna kuphindaphindwa ngokulahlekelwa ukungafani kokushayisana kwe-antenna. Ukulahleka kokushayisana kwe-impedance kwenzeka lapho uthi lwe-antenna luxhunywe ngokoqobo entanjeni yokudlulisela noma umamukeli. Lokhu kungafingqwa ngefomula [2].
[Isibalo 2]
ifomula [2]
Ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kokubambezeleka kuhlala kuyinombolo ephakathi kuka-0 no-1. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuhlale kungaphansi kokusebenza kahle kwemisebe. Ukuphinda lokhu, uma kungekho ukulahlekelwa, ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe kuyalingana nenani eliphelele le-antenna ngenxa yokungahambelani kahle kwe-impedance.
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kungenye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu ye-antenna. Ingase isondele kakhulu ku-100% ngesitsha sesathelayithi, i-antenna yophondo, noma i-half wavelength dipole ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi impahla elahlekile ezungezile. Izimpondo zamaselula noma izimpondo ze-electronics zabathengi ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle ngo-20% -70%. Lokhu kulingana no -7 dB -1.5 dB (-7, -1.5 dB). Imvamisa ngenxa yokulahleka kwezinto zikagesi nezinto ezizungeze uthi. Lokhu kuvame ukumunca amandla athile akhipha imisebe. Amandla aguqulwa abe amandla okushisa futhi ayikho imisebe. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna. Izinti zomsakazo wemoto zingasebenza kumaza omsakazo we-AM ngokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna okungu-0.01. [Lokhu kungu-1% noma -20 dB. ] Lokhu kungasebenzi kungenxa yokuthi uthi luncane kunohhafu we-wavelength kumaza okusebenza. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna. Izixhumanisi ezingenantambo ziyagcinwa ngoba imibhoshongo yokusakaza ye-AM isebenzisa amandla okudlulisa aphezulu kakhulu.
Ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kokuphazamiseka kuxoxwa ngazo kuSmith Chart kanye nezigaba zokufanisa Impedance. Ukufanisa i-impedance kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna yesikhathi eside kuchaza ukuthi mangakanani amandla adluliswayo ekuqondeni kwemisebe ephezulu, okuhlobene nomthombo we-isotropic. Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kuvame ukucashunwa eshidini lezici ze-antenna. Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kubalulekile ngoba kucabangela ukulahlekelwa kwangempela okwenzekayo.
I-antenna enenzuzo engu-3 dB isho ukuthi amandla atholwe ku-antenna angu-3 dB aphezulu kakhulu kunalawo ebengatholwa ku-antenna ye-isotropic engalahleki enamandla okufaka afanayo. I-3 dB ilingana namandla aphindwe kabili.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kwesinye isikhathi kuxoxwa ngakho njengomsebenzi wokuqondiswa noma i-engeli. Kodwa-ke, lapho inombolo eyodwa icacisa inzuzo, leyo nombolo iwukuzuza okuphezulu kuzo zonke izinkomba. I-"G" yenzuzo ye-antenna ingaqhathaniswa nokuqondisa kuka-"D" kohlobo lwekusasa.
[Isibalo 3]
Inzuzo ye-antenna yangempela, engaba phezulu njengesitsha sesathelayithi esikhulu kakhulu, ingu-50 dB. Ukuqondisa kungaba ngaphansi kuka-1.76 dB njengothi lweqiniso (njenge-dipole antenna emfushane). Ukuqondisa akusoze kwaba ngaphansi kuka-0 dB. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo ephezulu ye-antenna ingaba kuncane ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokulahlekelwa noma ukungasebenzi kahle. Izimpondo ezincane ezisebenza ngogesi ziyizimpondo ezincane ezisebenza kubude begagasi befrikhwensi lapho i-antenna isebenza khona. Izimpondo ezincane zingase zingasebenzi kahle. Ukuzuza kwe-antenna kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kuka--10 dB, noma ngabe ukungahambisani kahle kwe-impedance kungacatshangwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-16-2023
