Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuhlobene namandla anikezwa i-antenna kanye namandla akhishwa yi-antenna. I-antenna esebenza kahle kakhulu izokhipha iningi lamandla alethwa ku-antenna. I-antenna engasebenzi kahle imunca iningi lamandla alahlekile ngaphakathi kwe-antenna. I-antenna engasebenzi kahle ingase futhi ibe namandla amaningi abonakala ngenxa yokungafani kwe-impedance. Yehlisa amandla akhishwayo e-antenna engasebenzi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa ne-antenna esebenza kahle kakhulu.
[Inothi eliseceleni: Impedance ye-antenna ixoxwa ngayo esahlukweni esilandelayo. Ukungafani kwe-Impedance amandla aboniswa yi-antenna ngoba i-impedance iyinani elingalungile. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-impedance mismatch.]
Uhlobo lokulahlekelwa ngaphakathi kwe-antenna ukulahlekelwa kokuqhuba. Ukulahlekelwa kokuqhuba kungenxa yokuqhuba okulinganiselwe kwe-antenna. Enye indlela yokulahlekelwa ukulahlekelwa yi-dielectric. Ukulahlekelwa yi-dielectric ku-antenna kungenxa yokuqhuba kwezinto ze-dielectric. Izinto zokuvikela zingase zibe khona ngaphakathi noma eduze kwe-antenna.
Isilinganiso sokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna namandla akhishwa imisebe singabhalwa njengamandla okufaka e-antenna. Lesi yisibalo [1]. Saziwa nangokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna ngokusebenza kahle kwemisebe.
[Isibalo 1]
Ukusebenza kahle kuyisilinganiso. Lesi silinganiso sihlala singubuningi obuphakathi kuka-0 no-1. Ukusebenza kahle kuvame ukunikezwa ngephuzu lephesenti. Isibonelo, ukusebenza kahle okungu-0.5 kufana no-50%. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuvame ukucashunwa kuma-decibel (dB). Ukusebenza kahle okungu-0.1 kufana no-10%. Lokhu futhi kufana nama-decibel angu--10 (ama-decibel angu--10). Ukusebenza kahle okungu-0.5 kufana no-50%. Lokhu futhi kufana nama-decibel angu--3 (dB).
Isibalo sokuqala ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna. Lokhu kuyihlukanisa nelinye igama elivame ukusetshenziswa elibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna. Ukusebenza Kahle Okuphelele Ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna kuphindaphindwa ngokulahlekelwa ukungalingani kwe-impedance kwe-antenna. Ukulahlekelwa ukungalingani kwe-impedance kwenzeka lapho i-antenna ixhunywe ngokomzimba kulayini wokudlulisela noma kumukeli. Lokhu kungafingqwa ngefomula [2].
[Isibalo 2]
ifomula [2]
Ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kwe-impedance kuhlala kuyinombolo ephakathi kuka-0 no-1. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna iyonke kuhlala kungaphansi kokusebenza kahle kwemisebe. Ukuze siphinde sisho lokhu, uma kungekho ukulahlekelwa, ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe kulingana nokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna iyonke ngenxa yokungafani kwe-impedance.
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kungenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-antenna. Kungaba seduze kakhulu ne-100% nge-satellite dish, i-horn antenna, noma i-half wavelength dipole ngaphandle kwezinto ezilahlekile ezizungezile. Ama-antenna eselula noma ama-consumer electronics antenna ngokuvamile asebenza kahle ngo-20%-70%. Lokhu kulingana no--7 dB -1.5 dB (-7, -1.5 dB). Ngokuvamile kungenxa yokulahlekelwa yi-electronics nezinto ezizungeze i-antenna. Lokhu kuvame ukumunca amandla athile akhishwa imisebe. Amandla aguqulwa abe amandla okushisa futhi akukho misebe. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna. Ama-antenna omsakazo wemoto angasebenza kuma-radio frequency e-AM ngokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna okungu-0.01. [Lokhu kungu-1% noma -20 dB. ] Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kungenxa yokuthi i-antenna incane kunengxenye ye-wavelength ku-operating frequency. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna. Izixhumanisi ezingenantambo ziyagcinwa ngoba imibhoshongo yokusakaza ye-AM isebenzisa amandla okudlulisa aphezulu kakhulu.
Ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kwe-Impedance kuxoxwa ngakho ezigabeni ze-Smith Chart kanye ne-Impedance Matching. Ukufanisa i-Impedance kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna
Ukwanda kwe-antenna yesikhathi eside kuchaza ukuthi kungakanani amandla adluliselwa ohlangothini lwe-peak radiation, uma kuqhathaniswa nomthombo we-isotropic. Ukwanda kwe-antenna kuvame ukucashunwa ephepheni lokuchaza le-antenna. Ukwanda kwe-antenna kubalulekile ngoba kucatshangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwangempela okwenzekayo.
I-antenna enokukhuphuka okungu-3 dB isho ukuthi amandla atholwe ku-antenna angama-3 dB aphezulu kakhulu kunalawo angatholwa ku-antenna ye-isotropic engenakulahlekelwa enamandla afanayo okufaka. I-3 dB ilingana nokuphakelwa kwamandla kabili.
Ukwanda kwe-antenna ngezinye izikhathi kuxoxwa ngakho njengomsebenzi wesiqondiso noma i-engeli. Kodwa-ke, uma inombolo eyodwa icacisa inzuzo, khona-ke leyo nombolo iwukwanda okuphezulu kwazo zonke izinkomba. I-"G" yokwanda kwe-antenna ingaqhathaniswa nokuqondisa kwe-"D" yohlobo lwesikhathi esizayo.
[Isibalo 3]
Inzuzo ye-antenna yangempela, engaba phezulu njenge-satellite dish enkulu kakhulu, ingu-50 dB. I-Directivity ingaba phansi njengo-1.76 dB njenge-antenna yangempela (njenge-antenna ye-dipole emfushane). I-Directionality ayisoze yaba ngaphansi kuka-0 dB. Kodwa-ke, inzuzo ye-antenna ephezulu ingaba yincane ngokungahleliwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokulahlekelwa noma ukungasebenzi kahle. Ama-antenna amancane kagesi angama-antenna amancane asebenza ngobude be-wavelength yemvamisa lapho i-antenna isebenza khona. Ama-antenna amancane angase angasebenzi kahle kakhulu. Inzuzo ye-antenna ivame ukuba ngaphansi kuka--10 dB, ngisho nalapho ukungalingani kwe-impedance kungacatshangelwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-16-2023
