Iyini i-PESA Radar? Indlela Esebenza Ngayo kanye Nalokho Onjiniyela Okufanele Bakuhlole

I-array eskeniwe ngogesi engasebenzisi lutho, noma i-radar ye-PESA, ngokuvamile isebenzisa ukwakheka kokudlulisa/ukwamukela kwe-RF okuphakathi ukuze kondle izakhi eziningi ze-antenna ngenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa. Ukushintsha kwesigaba esilawulwa ngogesi kusetha isigaba esihlobene nezakhi, ngakho-ke imisebe ehlanganisiwe yakha umsebe ohlangothini oluqondisiwe. Imbobo ephelele ayidingi ukujikeleza ngomshini kuzo zonke izinguquko zokukhomba.

Impendulo esheshayo:I-PESA inikeza isiteringi se-elekthronikhi sokuqondisa nge-RF esiphakathi nendawo. Ukusebenza kwayo kwangempela kuncike kokungaphezu kwesifinyezo. Onjiniyela kumele baqinisekise inzuzo ngaphezu kwe-engeli yokuskena, ukulahlekelwa kwenethiwekhi yokuphakelayo, i-bandwidth yokusebenza, ama-sidelobes, i-polarization, i-calibration, umjikelezo womsebenzi, imikhawulo yokushisa kanye nendiza yokubhekisela yokulinganisa ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi umklamo uyahlangabezana yini nohlelo lokusebenza.

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba imininingwane elinganiswa kuphela ku-boresight ingafihla izimo ezilawula ukusebenza kwensimu. Ukwanda okuphezulu kwe-peak akubonisi ukuthi i-beam ishintsha kanjani eduze komphetho womkhakha wokuskena. Ububanzi bemvamisa yokusebenza abufakazeli ukuthi ukukhomba i-beam kuhlala kuzinzile kulo lonke ibhendi. Izigaba ezilandelayo zichaza ukuthi i-PESA isebenza kanjani nokuthi yimiphi imibuzo enciphisa ingozi yokuhlanganiswa.

Isebenza Kanjani I-PESA Radar

Ukwakhiwa kwe-PESA kungasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa indlela yesignali ivame ukuba nezigaba ezinhlanu ezisebenzayo. Ezinye izinhlelo zisebenzisa ama-subarrays noma iziteshi ezingafuneki, ngakho-ke umdwebo wamabhulokhi kufanele uhlolwe njalo uma uqhathaniswa nomklamo wangempela.

1. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-waveform kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-RF. I-exciter idala i-waveform edingekayo bese iyiguqula ibe yimvamisa yokusebenza. I-transmitter ibe isiphakamisa isignali iye ezingeni lamandla elidingekayo.
2. Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla. Inethiwekhi yokuphakelayo ihlukanisa isignali edlulisiwe phakathi kwezindlela eziningi. Inethiwekhi ingasebenzisa i-waveguide, imigqa yokudlulisela, abahlukanisi bamandla, ama-couplers kanye nezinye izingxenye ze-microwave.
3. Ukulawulwa kwesigaba. I-phase shifter endleleni ngayinye yesakhi, noma endleleni ngayinye ye-subarray, ishintsha isigaba sesignali ngokuya ngesiqondiso somsebe oqondisiwe. Ukuqhubekela phambili kwesigaba ngaphesheya kwe-aperture kunquma ukuthi kwenzeka kuphi ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo.
4. Ukwakheka kwemisebe kanye nokwakheka kwemisebe. Izakhi ze-antenna ziyakhanya ndawonye. Amasimu azo anezela kakhulu ohlangothini olukhethiwe futhi akhansele kancane kwezinye izinkomba, okudala umsebe oyinhloko kanye nama-sidelobes.
5. Ukusebenza kokwamukela kanye nokulinganisa. Izimpawu ezibonisiwe zibuyela ngenethiwekhi yokuvula kanye neyokuphakelayo kuchungechunge lokwamukela. Idatha yokulinganisa ilungisa umehluko wesigaba kanye nobukhulu obubangelwa ukubekezelelana kwezingxenye, izinga lokushisa, imvamisa kanye nokuguga.

Ukuqondisa ngogesi kungashukumisa umsebe ngokushesha kakhulu kunokushintsha indawo enkulu. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokuskena eliwusizo lincike esikhathini sokwakheka kwamagagasi, ukubambezeleka kokulawula, ukucubungula isignali kanye nohlelo lwezinsiza ze-radar. Ijubane lokuqondisa le-antenna lodwa alichazi ukuthi zingaki izinhloso noma imisebenzi i-radar ephelele engayisekela.

Kungani Kubizwa ngokuthi i-Passive Electronically Scanned Array

Igama elithi passive lichaza ukwakheka kwe-RF endaweni yokuvula. Ku-PESA evamile, izakhi ze-antenna aziqukethe imojula ephelele yokudlulisa nokwamukela esebenzayo. Iketanga le-RF eliphakathi nendawo lihlinzeka futhi lithole amandla ngenethiwekhi yokuphakelayo, kuyilapho izingxenye zokulawula isigaba zibumba umsebe. I-array isadinga amandla kagesi okulawula, ukushintsha, ukupholisa neminye imisebenzi.

I-radar ye-PESA nayo ihlukile kune-radar engasebenzi. I-radar engasebenzi ivame ukubona ukubonakaliswa okuvela kuma-transmitter angaphandle noma ezinye izibani zamathuba. I-PESA iyisakhiwo sokusabalalisa i-antenna kanye ne-RF esingasetshenziswa ku-radar edlulisa ngenkuthalo. Ukudideka kwalezi zincazelo ezimbili kuholela ezidingweni zesistimu ezingalungile.

Yimaphi Amapharamitha Anquma Ukusebenza kwe-PESA

Incazelo ewusizo kakhulu yi-matrix yokusebenza ngaphezu kwemvamisa, i-engeli yokuskena, i-polarization kanye nesimo sokusebenza. Ithebula elingezansi libala izinto okufanele zichazwe ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa ama-array noma ukucela ikhotheshini.

Kungani Ukusebenza Kushintsha Nge-Angle Yokuskena

I-phased array ivame ukuba namandla kakhulu eduze kwe-boresight, indlela ejwayelekile eya ku-aperture. Njengoba i-beam iqondiswa kude, i-aperture ephakanyisiwe iba ncane endleleni yokuskena. Iphethini ye-element ingaphinde inikeze imisebe encane ekhoneni eliyalelwe. Amaphutha okuphakelayo, ukuhlangana okuhambisanayo, ukubekezelelana kwesakhiwo kanye ne-radome kungangeza ukuphambuka okwengeziwe.

Umphumela ungafaka ukulahlekelwa kokuskena, ububanzi be-beamwidth, ama-sidelobes ashintshiwe, i-cross-polarization ephezulu noma iphutha lokukhomba. Lezi zinguquko azithathwa ngenani elilodwa lokuthola i-boresight. Ukuze uthole uhlu oluhloselwe ukuskena ku-engeli ethile, cela idatha yokuzuza kanye nephethini ku-boresight, i-engeli eyodwa noma ngaphezulu eziphakathi, kanye nomkhawulo womkhakha odingekayo. Phinda ukuhlola kumaza okusebenza aphansi kakhulu, aphakathi nendawo kanye naphezulu kakhulu.

Isikhala sezinto sidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Uma isikhala sikhulu kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa ne-wavelength kanye ne-scan angle, ama-grating lobes angafuneki angangena endaweni ebonakalayo. Umklamo owamukelekayo ekugcineni kwebhande ungase usebenze ngendlela ehlukile ngemvamisa ephezulu kakhulu, lapho isikhala esifanayo somzimba simelela ama-wavelength amaningi.

I-Bandwidth kanye ne-Beam Squint Kuyithinta Kanjani i-PESA

Izinhlelo eziningi ze-PESA zisebenzisa ama-phase shifters ukudala inqubekela phambili yesigaba efanele ku-frequency ekhethiwe. Uma i-frequency ishintsha, ukusethwa kwesigaba esifanayo kungakhomba i-beam ekhoneni elihlukile. Lokhu kushintsha kokukhomba okuncike ku-frequency kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-beam squint. Ubukhulu bomphumela buxhomeke ku-bandwidth, i-scan angle, ukwakheka kanye nohlobo lwenethiwekhi yokulawula isigaba.

Ngakho-ke isidingo se-wideband sidinga okungaphezu kwesitatimende sebanga lemvamisa. Cela ukukhomba imisebe, inzuzo, ama-sidelobes kanye ne-polarization phezu kwe-frequency kanye ne-scan angle. Eminye imiklamo isebenzisa izakhi ze-true-time-delay, amasu angaphansi kwe-array noma ukulungiswa okuncike kuma-frequency ukunciphisa ukugoba kwemisebe, kodwa lezo zinketho zengeza ukulahleka kwazo, ubunzima, usayizi kanye nezidingo zokulinganisa.

Kubaluleke Kangakanani Ukulahlekelwa Kwenethiwekhi Yokuphakelayo

Ku-PESA ejwayelekile esebenzisa i-monostatic aperture esebenzisa i-shared aperture, inethiwekhi yokuphakelayo ihlanganyela kokubili ezindleleni zokudlulisa kanye nezindlela zokwamukela. Izihlukanisi zamandla, imigqa yokudlulisa, ama-waveguides, ama-phase shifters, ama-switch kanye nokushintsha konke kunikela ngokulahlekelwa kokufakwa. Ekudluliseni, lokhu kulahlekelwa kunciphisa amandla alethwa ku-aperture futhi kukhiqize ukushisa. Ekutholeni, ukulahlekelwa ngaphambi kokwamukela kunganciphisa ukuzwela kanye nobubanzi obusebenzayo be-dynamic.

Amanani okulahlekelwa kumele aboshwe endizeni yokubhekisela ecacile. Ukwanda kwe-antenna okucashuniwe kungakhipha ikhebula, i-rotary joint, i-waveguide transition, inethiwekhi yokulawula isigaba noma i-radome ekhona ohlelweni olufakiwe. Ngesikhathi sokwamukelwa, qhathanisa idatha elinganisiwe nendizeni yokubhekisela efanayo esetshenziswe kuncazelo.

Ingabe i-PESA isho imvamisa eyodwa noma i-target eyodwa

Imibuzo Eyisishiyagalombili Okufanele Uyibuze Ngaphambi Kokuhlanganisa I-PESA Array

1. Yimaphi amaza okusebenza kanye nama-bandwidth asheshayo okumele asekelwe, futhi yimaphi amanani ayimpoqo kulo lonke umkhakha wokuskena okugcwele?
2. Yikuphi ukumbozwa kwe-azimuth kanye nokuphakama okudingekayo, futhi ingabe imbobo ephelele iqiniswe ngomshini, iyajikeleza noma ibekwe kabusha ngenye indlela?
3. Yimiphi imikhawulo yenzuzo, i-EIRP, i-beamwidth, i-sidelobe kanye ne-cross-polarization esebenza lapho kufikwa khona i-boresight kanye ne-engeli ephezulu yokuskena?
4. Yimaphi amandla aphezulu, amandla ajwayelekile, ububanzi be-pulse kanye nomjikelezo womsebenzi okumele inethiwekhi yokuphakelayo kanye ne-aperture iwaphathe?
5. Ziphi izindiza zokubhekisela zamandla okudlulisa kanye nokuzwela kokwamukela, futhi yiziphi izintambo, isiqondiso samagagasi, isishintshi sesigaba kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-radome okufakiwe?
6. I-array izolinganiswa kanjani ngokuvama, izinga lokushisa kanye ne-engeli yokuskena, futhi ukukhukhuleka kuzotholakala kanjani ngemva kokufakwa?
7. Yisiphi isixhumi, isiqondiso segagasi, ukufakwa, i-radome, usayizi, isisindo kanye nemingcele yemvelo esebenza ekucushweni okufakiwe?
8. Yiziphi izilinganiso ezizofakazela ukwamukelwa, futhi ingabe ukusethwa kokuhlolwa kuzophinda kukhiqize izimo zokusebenza ze-polarization, imvamisa, amandla kanye nokuskena?

I-PESA ne-AESA zinikeza izinketho ezahlukene zokwakha

I-PESA kanye ne-radar ye-array eskenwe ngogesi esebenzayo zombili zisebenzisa ubudlelwano besigaba esilawulwayo ukuze ziqondise imishayo. Umehluko wazo omkhulu yilapho kwenzeka khona ukukhiqizwa kwe-RF esebenzayo kanye nokwamukelwa. I-PESA ngokuvamile idlulisa isakhiwo sokudlulisa kanye nesamukeli esiphakathi ngenethiwekhi yokuphakelayo kanye nama-phase shifters. I-AESA isabalalisa amamojula amaningi okudlulisa nokwamukela asebenzayo kuwo wonke umgodi noma ama-subarrays ayo. Ukuqaliswa kokwenza i-beamforming—i-analog, i-hybrid noma idijithali—kuwubukhulu bomklamo obuhlukile futhi akufanele kuphathwe njengokufana nomehluko we-PESA/AESA.

I-AESA inganikeza ukuphindaphinda okukhulu, ukuguquguquka kwesimo samagagasi kanye nokuhlela okusheshayo kwemisebenzi eminingi, kodwa futhi idala izidingo ezidingayo zokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, ukupholisa, ukulinganisa kanye nokulawula imodyuli. I-PESA ingahlala isebenza lapho ukwakheka kwe-RF okuphakathi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomsebenzi kanye nokuhlanganiswa. Ukuze uthole ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe kokwakhiwa, funda i-RF MISO'sUkuqhathaniswa kweradar ye-AESA vs PESAUkukhetha okulungile kufanele kusekelwe ezidingweni ezilinganiswayo kunokucabanga ukuthi isifinyezo esisodwa sihlala singcono.

I-PESA Array Kufanele Ilinganiswe Futhi Yamukelwe Kanjani

Ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kufanele kuphinde kukhiqizwe izimo ezisetshenziswa ekucacisweni kokusebenza. Okungenani, bhala phansi amaphuzu emvamisa, i-polarization, imiyalo yokuskena, izinga lamandla, umjikelezo womsebenzi, isimo sokulinganisa, isimo se-radome kanye nendiza yereferensi ye-RF. Kala noma uqinisekise i-gain, i-beawidth, ukunemba kokukhomba, ama-sidelobes kanye ne-cross-polarization kuma-engeli okuskena amele.

Ububanzi obudingekayo kanye nokusethwa kuncike kusayizi wokuvula, imvamisa kanye nomgomo wokulinganisa. Izindlela zensimu ekude, ibanga elincane noma eliseduze zingase zifaneleke. Ama-RF MISOamakhono okuhlola i-antennachaza izinsiza zokulinganisa ezifanele, kodwa indlela yokugcina kanye nesabelomali sokungaqiniseki kufanele kuvunyelwane ngaso ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa.

Usekelo lwe-RF MISO lokuhlolwa kwe-Array Antenna

I-RF MISO ingumkhiqizi we-antenna ye-RF kanye ne-microwave osekela ucwaningo lwe-antenna, ukulinganisa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu. I-RF MISO ayivezi i-radar ephelele ye-PESA njengomkhiqizo we-antenna ojwayelekile. Izingxoxo zobunjiniyela ezifanele ziqala nge-antenna aperture, feed kanye nezidingo ze-interface ezingaqinisekiswa ngokumelene nebhendi yemvamisa echaziwe, i-polarization, i-gain, i-beamwidth kanye ne-mechanical envelope.

Onjiniyela bangabuyekeza i-RF MISOimikhiqizo ye-antenna yamalungufuthiama-antenna ahleliwenjengezindawo zokuqala zezingxoxo zezingxenye kanye nokuvulwa. Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile etholakalayo ayikhi ngokuzenzakalelayo i-radar ye-PESA, futhi ukufaneleka kumele kuqinisekiswe ngokumelene nokwakheka kwesistimu ephelele.

Ukuze uthole ingxoxo yokuqala yobuchwepheshe, nikeza ibhendi yokusebenza, i-bandwidth esheshayo, i-polarization, inzuzo edingekayo, umkhakha wokuskena, ithagethi ye-sidelobe, amandla aphezulu kanye nesilinganiso, isikhombimsebenzisi se-RF, usayizi wokuvula, imikhawulo yokufaka, izimo zemvelo kanye nokulindela kokwamukelwa nokuhlolwa. Lolu lwazi luvumela ithimba lobunjiniyela ukuthi libone ukuthi yiziphi i-antenna kanye nezinketho zokuhlola ezidinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Send the project requirements to info@rf-miso.com or xhumana ne-RF MISOngewebhusayithi.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

I-PESA imele ini

I-PESA imele i-passive electronically scanned array. Ngokuvamile isebenzisa ukwakheka kokudlulisa/ukwamukela kwe-RF okuphakathi, inethiwekhi yokuphakelayo kanye nokushintsha kwesigaba okulawulwayo ukuqondisa umsebe ngaphesheya kwe-antenna aperture.

Kungani i-PESA ibizwa ngokuthi i-passive uma idlulisela amandla

I-Passive ichaza ukungabikho kwemojuli yokudlulisa nokwamukela esebenzayo ephelele kuzo zonke izinto ze-antenna. I-radar isasebenzisa i-RF enamandla, ukulawula, ukulinganisa kanye nehadiwe yokupholisa.

Ingabe i-radar ye-PESA ingalandelela imigomo eminingi?

Ingakwazi, kuye ngokuhlela imisebe, ukuphinda ivakashele isikhathi, ukwakheka kwe-waveform, iziteshi zokwamukela kanye nokucubungula. Ilebula i-PESA yodwa ayichazi umthamo wethagethi.

Ingabe i-PESA ifana ne-antenna ye-phased array

I-PESA iyisakhiwo se-RF esinezigaba, kuyilapho i-phased array ingumqondo we-antenna ebanzi. I-AESA ingenye isakhiwo se-RF. I-analog, i-hybrid kanye ne-digital beamforming ichaza ukuthi i-beamforming isetshenziswa kanjani futhi yakha ubukhulu bokuhlukaniswa obuhlukile kunezinye izindlela ezifanayo kune-PESA noma i-AESA.

Yimuphi idatha okufanele ihlolwe nge-engeli ephezulu yokuskena

Hlola ukulahlekelwa kwe-gain noma scan, ububanzi be-beamwidth, ukunemba kokukhomba, ama-sidelobes, i-cross-polarization kanye nokuziphatha kwe-impedance kuma-frequency adingekayo kanye nokucushwa okufakiwe.

I-PESA ingaba nini ukukhetha okusebenzayo

I-PESA ingaba usizo uma kudingeka ukuqondisa ngogesi futhi uchungechunge lwe-RF oluphakathi lungahlangabezana nezidingo ze-bandwidth, ukuskena, amandla, ukuthembeka, ukushisa kanye nokugcinwa. Isinqumo kufanele silandele izilinganiso zesistimu kanye nemikhawulo yomjikelezo wokuphila.