Umlando
Umqondo weama-antenna e-arrayIsukela ngawo-1930 futhi ekuqaleni yayinezakhi eziningana ze-antenna ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana kanye ne-radar. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, ama-antenna e-array athuthuke kancane kancane aba izinhlelo eziphelele ezakhiwe yinani elikhulu lezakhi ze-antenna, ezingafeza ukucutshungulwa kwesignali okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokwakheka kwemisebe. Ngawo-1950, ama-antenna e-array aqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezempi neyezindiza. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-microwave kanye nokuxhumana, ama-antenna e-array asetshenziswa emikhakheni efana nokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, i-radar, ukuxhumana kweselula kanye namanethiwekhi angenantambo.
Isimiso sokusebenza
I-antenna ye-array iyisistimu ye-antenna equkethe izakhi eziningi ze-antenna ezihlelwe ngendlela ethile kanye nesikhala. Isimiso sokusebenza sama-antenna e-array sisekelwe emibonweni yokwakheka kwe-beam kanye nokukhomba kwe-beam.
Uma igagasi lesigameko lifika ku-antenna ye-array, i-element ngayinye ye-antenna ithola igagasi lesigameko elifanayo elinokulibaziseka kwesigaba okuhlukile. Ukulibaziseka kwesigaba phakathi kwalezi zinto ze-antenna kufezwa ngokulungisa imigqa yokulibaziseka noma ama-phase shifters kusekethe. Ngokulungisa ukulibaziseka kwesigaba kwe-element ngayinye ye-antenna, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamagagasi esigameko ku-array kungalawulwa.
Ngokulawula ukubambezeleka kwesigaba okunengqondo, ama-antenna e-array angafeza ukwakheka kwe-beam. I-beam ibhekisela esiqondisweni esiyinhloko samandla akhishwa yi-antenna, efana nomsebe wokukhanya ogxilile noma umsebe womsindo okhombe ohlangothini oluthile. Ngokulungisa ukubambezeleka kwesigaba kwento ngayinye ye-antenna, amagagasi angenayo angafakwa phezulu futhi athuthukiswe eziqondisweni ezithile futhi akhanselwe futhi ancishiswe kwezinye izinkomba. Ngale ndlela, i-antenna ye-array ingakha umsebe omncane noqondile, ngaleyo ndlela yandise inzuzo kanye nokuqondisa kohlelo lwe-antenna.
Ukuqondiswa kwe-antenna ye-array kungalungiswa ngokushintsha ukubambezeleka kwesigaba. Ngokulawula ukubambezeleka kwesigaba, i-engeli yokukhomba ye-beam ingashintshwa ukuze iqondise endaweni eqondiwe noma endaweni ethandwayo. Lokhu kwenza ama-antenna e-array abe nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-radar, izinhlelo zokuxhumana kanye namanethiwekhi angenantambo, futhi angafeza imisebenzi efana nokulandelela okuqondiwe, isiqondiso sesignali kanye nokukhanselwa kokuphazamiseka.
Ngaphezu kokwenza imisebe kanye nokuqondisa, ama-antenna e-array anezinye izinzuzo, njengokuphindaphinda kwendawo, amakhono okulwa nokuphazamiseka, kanye nokuguquguquka. Ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto ze-antenna ku-array, amasignali amaningi angamukelwa futhi adluliselwe ngasikhathi sinye, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe umthamo wesistimu kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Ngamafuphi, ama-antenna e-array afinyelela ukwakheka kwe-beamforming kanye nokuqondisa ngokulungisa ukubambezeleka kwesigaba kwento ngayinye ye-antenna ukuze kufezwe imisebe ethuthukisiwe kanye nokwamukelwa eziqondisweni ezithile. Anezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kwezokuxhumana, i-radar kanye namanethiwekhi angenantambo, ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezifana nokuzuza okuphezulu, ukuqondisa kanye nokuguquguquka.
Imikhiqizo Ehlobene
RM-PA7087-43
RM-PA1075145-32
RM-SWA910-22
RM-I-PA10145-30
