Ububanzi obusebenzayo be-i-antenna ye-microwavekuncike kubhendi yayo yemvamisa, inzuzo, kanye nesimo sohlelo lokusebenza. Ngezansi kunencazelo yobuchwepheshe yezinhlobo ezivamile ze-antenna:
1. Ukuxhumana kwebhendi yemvamisa kanye nobubanzi
- I-Antena ye-E-band (60–90 GHz):
Izixhumanisi ezifushane, ezinomthamo ophezulu (1–3 km) ze-backhaul ye-5G kanye nezokuxhumana kwezempi. Ukuncipha komoya kufinyelela ku-10 dB/km ngenxa yokumuncwa komoya-mpilo. - I-Ka-band Antenna (26.5–40 GHz):
Ama-satellite comms afinyelela ku-10–50 km (ukusuka phansi kuya ku-LEO) ngokunyuka okungu-40+ dBi. Ukufiphala kwemvula kunganciphisa ububanzi ngo-30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzI-Antenna yophondo:
Ukumbozwa okuphakathi nendawo (5–20 km) kwe-radar kanye ne-IoT, ukulinganisela ukungena kanye nesilinganiso sedatha.
2. Uhlobo lwe-Antenna kanye nokusebenza kwayo
| I-Antenna | Inzuzo Ejwayelekile | Ububanzi Obukhulu | Sebenzisa Ikesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Antena Yezinhlangothi Ezimbili | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (ukuhlolwa kwe-EMC) | Ukuxilongwa kwebanga elifushane |
| Uphondo Olujwayelekile Lokuthola Inzuzo | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Ukulinganisa/ukulinganisa |
| I-Microstrip Array | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Iziteshi zesisekelo ze-5G/Satcom |
3. Izisekelo Zokubala Ububanzi
Isilinganiso sokulinganisa i-Friis transmission equation (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Kuphi:
P_t = Amandla okudlulisa (isb., i-radar engu-10W)
I-G_t, i-G_r = Ukwanda kwe-antenna ye-Tx/Rx (isb., uphondo lwe-20 dBi)
P_r = Ukuzwela kwesamukeli (isb., –90 dBm)
Icebiso Eliwusizo: Ngezixhumanisi zesathelayithi ze-Ka-band, hlanganisa uphondo olune-high-gain (30+ dBi) nama-amplifier anomsindo ophansi (NF <1 dB).
4. Imikhawulo Yemvelo
Ukuncishiswa Kwemvula: Izimpawu ze-Ka-band zilahlekelwa yi-3–10 dB/km emvuleni enkulu.
Ukusabalala Komsebe: I-25 dBi microstrip array ku-30 GHz inobubanzi bomsebe obungu-2.3° – efanelekile ekuxhumaneni okuqondile kwephuzu nephuzu.
Isiphetho: Ububanzi be-antenna ye-microwave buyahlukahluka kusukela ku-<1 km (izivivinyo ze-biconical EMC) kuya ku-50+ km (i-Ka-band satcom). Lungiselela ngokukhetha ama-antenna e-E-/Ka-band ukuze uthole i-throughput noma ama-horn angu-2-4 GHz ukuze uthole ukuthembeka.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-08-2025
