Ububanzi obusebenzayo be-ai-antenna ye-microwavekuncike kubhendi yayo yokuvama, inzuzo, nesimo sohlelo. Ngezansi ukuhlukaniswa kobuchwepheshe kwezinhlobo ezivamile ze-antenna:
1. I-Frequency Band & Range Correlation
- I-E-band Antenna (60–90 GHz):
Ububanzi obufushane, izixhumanisi zamandla aphezulu (1–3 km) ze-5G backhaul kanye nama-comms wezempi. Ukuncishiswa komkhathi kufinyelela ku-10 dB/km ngenxa yokumuncwa komoyampilo. - I-Ka-band Antenna (26.5–40 GHz):
Ama-satellite comms afinyelela ku-10–50 km (ground-to-LEO) ngenzuzo engu-40+ dBi. Ukuphela kwemvula kungehlisa ibanga ngo-30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzI-Antenna ye-Horn:
Ukumbozwa kwebanga elimaphakathi (5–20 km) kwe-radar ne-IoT, ukungena kokulinganisa kanye nezinga ledatha.
2. Uhlobo Nokusebenza Kwe-Antenna
| I-Antenna | Inzuzo Ejwayelekile | Ibanga eliphezulu | Sebenzisa Ikesi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Biconical Antenna | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (ukuhlolwa kwe-EMC) | Ukuxilongwa kwebanga elifushane |
| I-Standard Gain Horn | 12–20 dBi | 3-10 km | Ukulinganisa/isilinganiso |
| I-Microstrip Array | 15–25 dBi | 5-50 km | Iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G/Satcom |
3. Range Ukubala Okuyisisekelo
Ibanga lezilinganiso lezilinganiso ze-Friis transmission equation (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Kuphi:
P_t = Amandla okudlulisa (isb. 10W irada)
G_t, G_r = Tx/Rx izimpondo ezizuziwe (isb, 20 dBi uphondo)
P_r = Ukuzwela umamukeli (isb, -90 dBm)
Ithiphu Elisebenzayo: Kuzixhumanisi zesathelayithi ye-Ka-band, bhanqa uphondo lwenzuzo ephezulu (30+ dBi) nezikhulisamsindo zomsindo ophansi (NF <1 dB).
4. Imikhawulo yemvelo
Ukunciphisa Imvula: Amasignali e-Ka-band alahlekelwa ngu-3–10 dB/km emvuleni enkulu.
I-Beam Spread: I-25 dBi microstrip array ku-30 GHz inobubanzi obungu-2.3° - ifanele izixhumanisi eziqondile zokukhomba-ephuzu.
Isiphetho: Ububanzi bezinti ze-Microwave ziyahlukahluka kusuka ku-<1 km (ukuhlolwa kwe-biconical EMC) kuya ku-50+ km (Ka-band satcom). Lungiselela ngokukhetha izimpondo ze-E-/Ka-band zokukhipha amandla noma izimpondo ezingu-2–4 GHz ngokwethembeka.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-08-2025
