Emkhakheni we-ama-antenna e-array, i-beamforming, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlunga kwendawo, iyindlela yokucubungula isignali esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela amaza omsakazo angenantambo noma amaza omsindo ngendlela eqondisa. I-Beamforming ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-radar ne-sonar, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, i-acoustics, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, i-beamforming kanye ne-beam scanning kufezwa ngokubeka ubudlelwano besigaba phakathi kokuphakelayo kanye nesici ngasinye se-antenna array ukuze zonke izinto zidlulise noma zithole amasignali ngesigaba ngendlela ethile. Ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, i-beamformer ilawula isigaba kanye nobukhulu obuhlobene besignali yomthumeli ngamunye ukuze kudalwe amaphethini okuphazamiseka okwakhayo nokubhubhisayo ngaphambili kwe-wavefront. Ngesikhathi sokwamukela, ukucushwa kwe-sensor array kubeka phambili ukwamukelwa kwephethini yemisebe efiselekayo.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokwenza Imisebe
Ukwakha imisebe kuyindlela esetshenziswa ukuqondisa iphethini yokukhanya kwemisebe iye ohlangothini olufunwayo ngempendulo engaguquki. Ukwakha imisebe kanye nokuskena imisebe ye-ai-antennai-array ingafinyelelwa ngohlelo lokushintsha isigaba noma uhlelo lokulibaziseka kwesikhathi.
Ushintsho Lwesigaba
Ezinhlelweni ze-narrowband, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kubizwa nangokuthi i-phase shift. Ku-radio frequency (RF) noma imvamisa ephakathi (IF), ukwakheka kwe-beam kungafinyelelwa ngokushintsha kwesigaba ngama-ferrite phase shifters. Ku-baseband, ukuguquguquka kwesigaba kungafinyelelwa ngokucubungula isignali yedijithali. Ekusebenzeni kwe-wideband, ukwakheka kwe-beam-delay-time kukhethwa ngenxa yesidingo sokwenza isiqondiso se-main beam singaguquki ngemvamisa.
RM-PA17731
RM-I-PA10145-30(10-14.5GHz)
Isikhathi esibekiwe
Ukulibaziseka kwesikhathi kungenziwa ngokushintsha ubude bomugqa wokudlulisa. Njengoba kunjalo ngokushintsha kwesigaba, ukulibaziseka kwesikhathi kungenziwa ngemvamisa yomsakazo (RF) noma ngemvamisa ephakathi (IF), futhi ukulibaziseka kwesikhathi okufakwe ngale ndlela kusebenza kahle ebangeni elibanzi lemvamisa. Kodwa-ke, i-bandwidth ye-array eskeniwe ngesikhathi inqunyelwe yi-bandwidth yama-dipoles kanye nesikhala sikagesi phakathi kwama-dipoles. Lapho imvamisa yokusebenza ikhula, isikhala sikagesi phakathi kwama-dipoles siyanda, okuholela ekuncipheni kobubanzi be-beam kuma-frequency aphezulu. Lapho imvamisa ikhula kakhulu, ekugcineni izoholela kuma-grating lobes. Ku-array enezigaba, ama-grating lobes azokwenzeka lapho isiqondiso sokwenza i-beam sidlula inani eliphezulu le-beam eyinhloko. Lesi simo sibangela amaphutha ekusabalalisweni kwe-beam eyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kugwenywe ama-grating lobes, ama-antenna dipoles kumele abe nesikhala esifanele.
Izisindo
Ivektha yesisindo iyivektha eyinkimbinkimbi enengxenye ye-amplitude enquma izinga le-sidelobe kanye nobubanzi be-main beam, kuyilapho ingxenye yesigaba inquma i-main beam angle kanye nendawo ye-null. Izisindo zesigaba zama-array e-narrowband zisetshenziswa ama-phase shifters.
RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-I-PA1075145-32(10.75-14.5GHz)
Umklamo Wokwenza Imisebe
Ama-antenna angazivumelanisa nemvelo ye-RF ngokushintsha iphethini yawo yemisebe abizwa ngokuthi ama-antenna e-active phased array. Imiklamo ye-beamforming ingafaka i-Butler matrix, i-Blass matrix, kanye nama-antenna e-Wullenweber arrays.
UButler Matrix
I-Butler Matrix ihlanganisa ibhuloho elingu-90° ne-phase shifter ukuze kufezwe umkhakha wokumboza obanzi njengo-360° uma umklamo we-oscillator kanye nephethini yokuqondisa kufanelekile. Ugongolo ngalunye lungasetshenziswa ngumthumeli noma umamukeli ozinikele, noma ngumthumeli noma umamukeli oyedwa olawulwa yi-RF switch. Ngale ndlela, i-Butler Matrix ingasetshenziswa ukuqondisa ugongolo lwe-array eyindilinga.
I-Brahs Matrix
I-matrix ye-Burras isebenzisa imigqa yokudlulisela kanye nama-couplers aqondisayo ukuze kuqaliswe ukwenziwa kwe-beamforming yokubambezeleka kwesikhathi kokusebenza kwe-broadband. I-matrix ye-Burras ingaklanywa njenge-broadside beamformer, kodwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-resistive terminations, inokulahlekelwa okuphezulu.
I-antenna array ye-Woollenweber
I-Woollenweber antenna array iyi-array eyindilinga esetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthola isiqondiso kubhendi ye-high frequency (HF). Lolu hlobo lwe-antenna array lungasebenzisa izakhi eziqondisa yonke indawo noma eziqondisa yonke indawo, futhi inani lezakhi ngokuvamile liyi-30 kuya ku-100, lapho ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zazo zinikezelwe ekwakheni imishayo eqondisa kakhulu ngokulandelana. Isakhi ngasinye sixhunywe kudivayisi yomsakazo engalawula isisindo se-amplitude sephethini ye-antenna array nge-goniometer engaskena ngo-360° ngaphandle kokushintsha kwezici zephethini ye-antenna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-antenna array yakha umsebe ophuma ngaphandle kusuka ku-antenna array ngokulibaziseka kwesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ukusebenza kwe-broadband.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-07-2024
