Emkhakheni weama-antenna, i-beamforming, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlunga kwendawo, kuyindlela yokucubungula isignali esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela amaza omsakazo angenantambo noma amaza omsindo ngendlela eqondisayo. I-Beamforming ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-radar ne-sonar, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, ama-acoustics, namathuluzi we-biomedical. Imvamisa, ukwenza i-beamforming nokuskena kwe-beam kwenziwa ngokusetha ubudlelwano besigaba phakathi kokuphakelayo kanye ne-elementi ngayinye yohlelo lwe-antenna ukuze zonke izici zidlulise noma zithole amasignali esigabeni endaweni ethile. Ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, i-beamformer ilawula isigaba kanye nobukhulu obuhlobene besiginali yesidlulisi ngasinye ukuze kwakhe amaphethini okugxambukela akhayo nalimazayo ngaphambili kwegagasi. Ngesikhathi sokwamukela, ukucushwa kwe-sensor array kubeka phambili ukwamukela iphethini efiswayo yemisebe.
I-Beamforming Technology
I-Beamforming iyindlela esetshenziselwa ukuqondisa iphethini yemisebe ye-beam iye endaweni oyifunayo ngempendulo engaguquki. I-Beamforming kanye nokuskena kwe-beam kwe-uthiuhlu lungatholwa ngohlelo lokushintsha kwesigaba noma uhlelo lokulibaziseka kwesikhathi.
Isigaba Shift
Ezinhlelweni ze-narrowband, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kubizwa nangokuthi i-phase shift. Kumafrikhwensi omsakazo (RF) noma imvamisa emaphakathi (IF), ukwenza i-beamforming kungafinyelelwa ngokugudluka kwesigaba ngeziguquli zesigaba se-ferrite. Ku-baseband, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kungafinyelelwa ngokucubungula isignali yedijithali. Ekusebenzeni kwe-wideband, ukulibaziseka kwe-beamforming kuyakhethwa ngenxa yesidingo sokwenza ukuqondiswa kwe-beam eyinhloko kungaguquki ngokuvama.
I-RM-PA17731
RM-I-PA10145-30(10-14.5GHz)
Isikhathi siphelile
Ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kungethulwa ngokushintsha ubude bomugqa wokudlulisela. Njengokushintsha kwesigaba, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kungethulwa kumafrikhwensi omsakazo (RF) noma ifrikhwensi ephakathi (IF), futhi ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi okwethulwe ngale ndlela kusebenza kahle ebangeni elibanzi. Kodwa-ke, i-bandwidth yohlelo oluskenwe isikhathi lunqunyelwe umkhawulokudonsa we-dipoles kanye nesikhala sikagesi phakathi kwama-dipoles. Lapho i-frequency yokusebenza ikhula, isikhala sikagesi phakathi kwama-dipoles siyakhula, okuholela ekunciphiseni izinga elithile lobubanzi be-beam kumafrikhwensi aphezulu. Lapho imvamisa ikhula ngokuqhubekayo, ekugcineni izoholela ekugayeni ama-lobes. Kumalungu afanayo anezigaba, ama-lobe agreyitha azokwenzeka lapho isiqondiso sokwenza i-beamform sidlula inani eliphakeme le-beam eyinhloko. Lesi simo sidala amaphutha ekusabalaliseni kwe-beam eyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ama-lobes wokugaya, ama-dipoles we-antenna kufanele abe nesikhala esifanele.
Izisindo
Ivektha yesisindo iyivekhtha eyinkimbinkimbi ingxenye yayo yobude bendawo enquma izinga le-sidelobe kanye nobubanzi bomugqa oyinhloko, kuyilapho ingxenye yesigaba inquma i-engeli ye-beam eyinhloko nendawo engenalutho. Izisindo zesigaba ze-narrowband arrays zisetshenziswa ngabashintshi besigaba.
I-RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-I-PA1075145-32(10.75-14.5GHz)
I-Beamforming Design
Ama-antenna angakwazi ukujwayela imvelo ye-RF ngokushintsha iphethini yawo yemisebe abizwa ngokuthi ama-antenna asebenza ngezigaba. Imiklamo ye-Beamforming ingafaka i-Butler matrix, i-Blass matrix, ne-Wullenweber antenna arrays.
Butler Matrix
I-Butler Matrix ihlanganisa ibhuloho elingu-90° nesiguquli sesigaba ukuze kuzuzwe umkhakha wokuhlanganisa obubanzi obungu-360° uma idizayini ye-oscillator nephethini yokuqondisa kufaneleka. I-beam ngayinye ingasetshenziswa isidluliseli noma isamukeli esizinikele, noma isidluliseli esisodwa noma isamukeli esilawulwa iswishi ye-RF. Ngale ndlela, i-Butler Matrix ingasetshenziswa ukuqondisa umugqa wochungechunge oluyisiyingi.
I-Brahs Matrix
I-matrix ye-Burras isebenzisa imigqa yokudlulisela kanye nama-couplers aqondisayo ukuze asebenzise ukulibaziseka kwe-beamforming yokusebenza kwe-broadband. I-matrix ye-Burras ingaklanywa njenge-broadside beamformer, kodwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokunqanyulwa kokumelana, inokulahlekelwa okuphezulu.
Uhlu lwe-antenna ye-Woolenweber
Uhlu lwe-antenna ye-Woollenweber iwuhlelo oluyisiyingi olusetshenziselwa ukuthola isiqondiso sokuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza kubhendi ye-high frequency (HF). Lolu hlobo lwamalungu afanayo e-antenna lungasebenzisa i-omnidirectional noma i-elementi yokuqondisa, futhi inani lezinto ngokuvamile lingama-30 kuye ku-100, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo inikezelwa ekwenzeni imishayo ngokulandelana kwayo. I-elementi ngayinye ixhunywe kudivayisi yomsakazo engakwazi ukulawula isisindo se-amplitude yephethini yohlelo lwe-antenna nge-goniometer engaskena u-360° cishe lungabi bikho ushintsho kuzici zephethini yothi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu lwe-antenna lwakha umsebe ophuma ngaphandle ohlwini lwe-antenna ngokulibaziseka kwesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukusebenza kwe-broadband.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-07-2024
