Emkhakheni weama-antenna, i-beamforming, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlunga kwendawo, kuyindlela yokucubungula isignali esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela amaza omsakazo angenantambo noma amaza omsindo ngendlela eqondisayo.I-Beamforming ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-radar ne-sonar, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, ama-acoustics, namathuluzi we-biomedical.Imvamisa, ukwenza i-beamforming nokuskena kwe-beam kwenziwa ngokusetha ubudlelwano besigaba phakathi kokuphakelayo kanye ne-elementi ngayinye yohlelo lwe-antenna ukuze zonke izici zidlulise noma zithole amasignali esigabeni endaweni ethile.Ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, i-beamformer ilawula isigaba kanye nobukhulu obuhlobene besiginali yesidlulisi ngasinye ukuze kwakhe amaphethini okugxambukela akhayo nalimazayo ngaphambili kwegagasi.Ngesikhathi sokwamukela, ukucushwa kwe-sensor array kubeka phambili ukwamukela iphethini efiswayo yemisebe.
I-Beamforming Technology
I-Beamforming iyindlela esetshenziselwa ukuqondisa iphethini yemisebe ye-beam iye endaweni oyifunayo ngempendulo engaguquki.I-Beamforming kanye nokuskena kwe-beam kwe-uthiuhlu lungatholwa ngohlelo lokushintsha kwesigaba noma uhlelo lokulibaziseka kwesikhathi.
Isigaba Shift
Ezinhlelweni ze-narrowband, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kubizwa nangokuthi i-phase shift.Kumafrikhwensi omsakazo (RF) noma imvamisa emaphakathi (IF), ukwenza i-beamforming kungafinyelelwa ngokugudluka kwesigaba ngeziguquli zesigaba se-ferrite.Ku-baseband, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kungafinyelelwa ngokucubungula isignali yedijithali.Ekusebenzeni kwe-wideband, ukulibaziseka kwe-beamforming kuyakhethwa ngenxa yesidingo sokwenza ukuqondiswa kwe-beam eyinhloko kungashintshi ngokuvama.
I-RM-PA17731
RM-I-PA10145-30(10-14.5GHz)
Isikhathi siphelile
Ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kungethulwa ngokushintsha ubude bomugqa wokudlulisela.Njengokushintsha kwesigaba, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kungethulwa kumafrikhwensi omsakazo (RF) noma ifrikhwensi ephakathi (IF), futhi ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi okwethulwe ngale ndlela kusebenza kahle ebangeni elibanzi.Kodwa-ke, umkhawulokudonsa wohlelo oluskenwe isikhathi unqunyelwe umkhawulokudonsa we-dipoles kanye nesikhala sikagesi phakathi kwama-dipoles.Lapho i-frequency yokusebenza ikhula, isikhala sikagesi phakathi kwama-dipoles siyakhula, okuholela ekunciphiseni izinga elithile lobubanzi be-beam kumafrikhwensi aphezulu.Lapho imvamisa ikhula ngokuqhubekayo, ekugcineni izoholela ekugayeni ama-lobes.Kumalungu afanayo anezigaba, ama-grating lobes azokwenzeka lapho isiqondiso sokwenza i-beamform sidlula inani eliphakeme le-beam eyinhloko.Lesi simo sidala amaphutha ekusabalaliseni kwe-beam eyinhloko.Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme ama-lobes wokugaya, ama-dipoles we-antenna kufanele abe nesikhala esifanele.
Izisindo
Ivektha yesisindo iyivekhtha eyinkimbinkimbi ingxenye yayo yobude bendawo enquma izinga le-sidelobe kanye nobubanzi bomugqa oyinhloko, kuyilapho ingxenye yesigaba inquma i-engeli ye-beam eyinhloko nendawo engenalutho.Izisindo zesigaba ze-narrowband arrays zisetshenziswa ngabashintshi besigaba.
I-RM-PA7087-43(71-86GHz)
RM-I-PA1075145-32(10.75-14.5GHz)
I-Beamforming Design
Ama-antenna angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo ye-RF ngokushintsha iphethini yawo yemisebe abizwa ngokuthi ama-antenna asebenza ngezigaba.Imiklamo ye-Beamforming ingafaka i-Butler matrix, i-Blass matrix, ne-Wullenweber antenna arrays.
Butler Matrix
I-Butler Matrix ihlanganisa ibhuloho elingu-90° elinesiguquli sesigaba ukuze kuzuzwe umkhakha wokuhlanganisa obubanzi obungu-360° uma idizayini ye-oscillator nephethini yokuqondisa kufaneleka.I-beam ngayinye ingasetshenziswa isidluliseli noma isamukeli esizinikele, noma isidlulisi esisodwa noma isamukeli esilawulwa iswishi ye-RF.Ngale ndlela, i-Butler Matrix ingasetshenziswa ukuqondisa umugqa wochungechunge oluyisiyingi.
I-Brahs Matrix
I-matrix ye-Burras isebenzisa imigqa yokudlulisela kanye nama-couplers aqondisayo ukuze asebenzise ukulibaziseka kwe-beamforming yokusebenza kwe-broadband.I-matrix ye-Burras ingaklanywa njenge-broadside beamformer, kodwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokunqanyulwa kokumelana, inokulahlekelwa okuphezulu.
Uhlu lwe-antenna ye-Woolenweber
Uhlu lwe-antenna ye-Woollenweber iwuhlelo oluyisiyingi olusetshenziselwa ukuthola isiqondiso sokuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza kubhendi ye-high frequency (HF).Lolu hlobo lwamalungu afanayo e-antenna lungasebenzisa i-omnidirectional noma i-elementi yokuqondisa, futhi inani lezinto ngokuvamile lingama-30 kuye ku-100, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo inikezelwa ekwenzeni imishayo ngokulandelana kwayo.I-elementi ngayinye ixhunywe kudivayisi yomsakazo engakwazi ukulawula isisindo se-amplitude yephethini yohlelo lwe-antenna nge-goniometer engaskena u-360° cishe lungabi bikho ushintsho kuzici zephethini yothi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu lwe-antenna lwakha umsebe ophuma ngaphandle ohlwini lwe-antenna ngokulibaziseka kwesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukusebenza kwe-broadband.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-07-2024
