Ungakufeza kanjani ukufaniswa kwe-impedance kwama-waveguides? Kusukela ku-theory yomugqa wokudlulisela ku-microstrip antenna theory, siyazi ukuthi imigqa yokudlulisa efanele noma ehambisanayo ingakhethwa ukuze kufezwe ukufaniswa kwe-impedance phakathi kwemigqa yokudlulisela noma phakathi kwemigqa yokudlulisela kanye nemithwalo ukuze kufezwe ukudluliswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane kokubonakaliswa. Umgomo ofanayo wokufanisa i-impedance emigqeni ye-microstrip usebenza ekufanisweni kwe-impedance kuma-waveguides. Ukubonakaliswa ezinhlelweni ze-waveguide kungaholela ekungahambelani kwe-impedance. Lapho kwenzeka ukuwohloka kwe-impedance, ikhambi lifana nelemigqa yokudlulisela, okungukuthi, ukushintsha inani elidingekayo. I-impedance ehlanganisiwe ibekwa ezindaweni ezibalwe ngaphambilini ku-waveguide ukuze kunqotshwe ukungalingani, ngaleyo ndlela kususwe imiphumela yokubonakaliswa. Ngenkathi imigqa yokudlulisela isebenzisa i-impedances ehlanganisiwe noma ama-stubs, ama-waveguides asebenzisa amabhlogo ensimbi anezimo ezahlukahlukene.
isithombe 1: Ama-iris e-Waveguide kanye ne-equivalent circuit,(a)Capacitive;(b)inductive;(c)resonant.
Isithombe 1 sibonisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokufanisa i-impedance, kuthatha noma yiziphi izinhlobo ezibonisiwe futhi kungaba yi-capacitive, i-inductive noma i-resonant. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa incazelo ebonakalayo ayinjalo. Uma ucabangela umugqa wokuqala wensimbi we-capacitive esithombeni, kungabonakala ukuthi amandla ayekhona phakathi kwezindonga eziphezulu nezansi ze-waveguide (kwimodi ebusayo) manje asekhona phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili zensimbi eziseduze, ngakho-ke i-capacitance iyanda. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-metal block ku-Figure 1b ivumela i-current ukuthi igeleze lapho ingagelezanga khona ngaphambili. Kuzoba nokugeleza kwamanje endizeni kagesi eyayithuthukisiwe ngaphambilini ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-metal block. Ngakho-ke, isitoreji samandla senzeka ensimini yamagnetic futhi i-inductance kuleyo ndawo ye-waveguide iyanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukuma nendawo yendandatho yensimbi ku-Figure c kuklanywe ngokufanele, i-inductive reactance kanye ne-capacitive reactance eyethulwe izolingana, futhi i-aperture izoba yi-parallel resonance. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukufanisa nokulungisa i-impedance yemodi eyinhloko kuhle kakhulu, futhi umphumela wokushintsha kwale modi uzoba muncane. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindlela noma amaza azoncishiswa, ngakho-ke indandatho yensimbi ezwakalayo isebenza njengesihlungi se-bandpass kanye nesihlungi semodi.
isithombe 2:(a)izigxobo zomhlahlandlela wamagagasi;(b)umshini wokufanisa izikulufo ezimbili
Enye indlela yokulungisa iboniswe ngenhla, lapho insika yensimbi esilinda isuka kolunye uhlangothi olubanzi iye ku-waveguide, ibe nomphumela ofanayo nomugqa wensimbi maqondana nokunikeza ukusabela okuhlanganisiwe kulelo phuzu. Insika yensimbi ingaba yi-capacitive noma i-inductive, kuye ngokuthi ifinyelela kude kangakanani ku-waveguide. Empeleni, le ndlela yokufanisa ukuthi lapho insika yensimbi enjalo ifinyelela kancane ku-waveguide, inikeza i-capacitive susceptance kulelo phuzu, futhi i-capacitive susceptance iyanda kuze kube yilapho ukungena kucishe kube yingxenye yesine yobude be-wavelength. Kuleli phuzu, kwenzeka i-series resonance. Ukungena okwengeziwe kwensika yensimbi kuphumela ekuhlinzekweni kwe-inductive susceptance okuncipha njengoba ukufakwa kuba okuphelele. Ukuqina kwe-resonance ekufakweni kwe-midpoint kuhambelana ngokuphambene nobubanzi bekholomu futhi kungasetshenziswa njengesihlungi, noma kunjalo, kulokhu kusetshenziswa njengesihlungi se-band stop ukudlulisa izindlela ze-oda eliphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwandisa i-impedance yemigqa yensimbi, inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa insika yensimbi ukuthi kulula ukuyilungisa. Isibonelo, izikulufo ezimbili zingasetshenziswa njengamadivayisi okulungisa ukuze kufezwe ukufanisa amagagasi ngendlela ephumelelayo.
Imithwalo yokumelana kanye nezinto ezinciphisa amandla:
Njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokudlulisa, ama-waveguides ngezinye izikhathi adinga ukulinganisa okuphelele kwe-impedance kanye nemithwalo elungisiwe ukuze amunce ngokugcwele amaza angenayo ngaphandle kokubonisa futhi angazweli imvamisa. Enye indlela yokusebenzisa ama-terminal anjalo ukwenza izilinganiso zamandla ahlukahlukene ohlelweni ngaphandle kokukhipha amandla.
isibalo 3 sokumelana nomhlahlandlela wamagagasi umthwalo(a)i-taper eyodwa(b)i-taper ephindwe kabili
Ukuphela kokumelana okuvamile kakhulu yingxenye ye-dielectric elahlekile efakwe ekugcineni kwe-waveguide futhi inciphile (isihloko sibheke egagasini elingenayo) ukuze ingabangeli ukubonakaliswa. Le medium elahlekile ingase ithathe ububanzi bonke be-waveguide, noma ingase ithathe kuphela isikhungo sokuphela kwe-waveguide, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 3. I-taper ingaba yi-taper eyodwa noma ephindwe kabili futhi ngokuvamile inobude obungu-λp/2, obunobude obuphelele obungaba ama-wavelength amabili. Ngokuvamile yenziwe ngamapuleti e-dielectric njengengilazi, ambozwe ngefilimu yekhabhoni noma ingilazi yamanzi ngaphandle. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla aphezulu, ama-terminal anjalo angaba nama-heat sink engeziwe ngaphandle kwe-waveguide, futhi amandla alethwa ku-terminal angahlakazeka ngesinki yokushisa noma ngokupholisa umoya okuphoqelelwe.
isibalo 4 I-attenuator ye-vane eshukumayo
Ama-dielectric attenuator angenziwa asuswe njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4. Uma ebekwe phakathi kwe-waveguide, angasuswa eceleni esuka maphakathi ne-waveguide, lapho ezonikeza khona ukuncishiswa okukhulu kakhulu, aye emaphethelweni, lapho ukuncishiswa kuncishiswa kakhulu njengoba amandla ensimu kagesi yemodi ebusayo ephansi kakhulu.
Ukuncipha ku-waveguide:
Ukunciphisa amandla kwama-waveguides kuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi izici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuzindla okuvela ekungaqhubeki kwangaphakathi kwesiqondiso samagagasi noma izingxenye zesiqondiso samagagasi ezingaqondani kahle
2. Ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukugeleza kwamanzi ezindongeni zamagagasi
3. Ukulahlekelwa yi-dielectric kuma-waveguides agcwele
Okubili kokugcina kufana nokulahlekelwa okuhambisanayo emigqeni ye-coaxial futhi kokubili kuncane kakhulu. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kuncike ezintweni ezisodongeni kanye nobulukhuni bazo, i-dielectric esetshenzisiwe kanye nemvamisa (ngenxa yomphumela wesikhumba). Kumsele wethusi, ububanzi busukela ku-4 dB/100m ku-5 GHz kuya ku-12 dB/100m ku-10 GHz, kodwa kumsele we-aluminium, ububanzi buphansi. Kuma-waveguide ambozwe ngesiliva, ukulahlekelwa kuvame ukuba ngu-8dB/100m ku-35 GHz, 30dB/100m ku-70 GHz, futhi kusondele ku-500 dB/100m ku-200 GHz. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa, ikakhulukazi kuma-frequency aphezulu kakhulu, ama-waveguide ngezinye izikhathi ambozwa ngegolide noma i-platinum (ngaphakathi).
Njengoba sekuveziwe, i-waveguide isebenza njengesihlungi esidlula phezulu. Nakuba i-waveguide ngokwayo ingenakulahlekelwa, amaza angaphansi kwemvamisa yokusika ancishiswa kakhulu. Lokhu kuncishiswa kungenxa yokukhanya emlonyeni we-waveguide kunokuba kube ukusabalala.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Waveguide:
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-waveguide kuvame ukwenzeka ngama-flange lapho izingcezu noma izingxenye ze-waveguide zihlanganiswa ndawonye. Umsebenzi walo flange ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okubushelelezi kwemishini kanye nezakhiwo zikagesi ezifanele, ikakhulukazi imisebe yangaphandle ephansi kanye nokukhanya kwangaphakathi okuphansi.
I-Flange:
Ama-flange e-Waveguide asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni nge-microwave, izinhlelo ze-radar, ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi, izinhlelo ze-antenna, kanye nemishini yelabhorethri ocwaningweni lwesayensi. Asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye ezahlukene ze-waveguide, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvuza nokuphazamiseka kuyavinjelwa, kanye nokugcina ukuhambisana okunembile kwe-waveguide ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa okuphezulu okuthembekile kanye nokubekwa okunembile kwamagagasi kagesi aphindaphindayo. I-waveguide evamile ine-flange ekugcineni ngakunye, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 5.
isithombe 5 (a) i-flange engenalutho;(b) ukuxhumanisa i-flange.
Emafrikhwensini aphansi i-flange izofakwa i-bras noma i-welded ku-waveguide, kanti emafrikhwensini aphezulu kusetshenziswa i-flat butt flat flange. Uma izingxenye ezimbili zihlanganisiwe, ama-flange ayahlanganiswa, kodwa iziphetho kumele ziqedwe kahle ukuze kugwenywe ukungaqhubeki ekuxhumekeni. Kulula ngokusobala ukuvumelanisa izingxenye ngendlela efanele ngokulungiswa okuthile, ngakho-ke ama-waveguide amancane ngezinye izikhathi afakwe ama-flange anezintambo angahlanganiswa nge-ring nut. Njengoba imvamisa ikhuphuka, usayizi wokuxhuma kwe-waveguide uyancipha ngokwemvelo, futhi ukungaqhubeki kokuxhuma kuba kukhulu ngokulingana nobude besikhathi besignali nosayizi we-waveguide. Ngakho-ke, ukungaqhubeki kumafrikhwensi aphezulu kuba nzima kakhulu.
isithombe 6 (a)Ingxenye ephambene yokuxhumanisa i-choke;(b)umbono wokuphela kwe-choke flange
Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kungashiywa igebe elincane phakathi kwama-waveguides, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-choke okuhlanganisa i-flange evamile kanye ne-choke flange exhunywe ndawonye. Ukuze kulungiswe ukungaqhubeki okungenzeka, indandatho ye-choke eyindilinga ene-cross-section emise okwe-L isetshenziswa ku-choke flange ukuze kufezwe uxhumano oluqinile. Ngokungafani nama-flange avamile, ama-choke flange azwela imvamisa, kodwa umklamo olungiselelwe kahle ungaqinisekisa i-bandwidth efanelekile (mhlawumbe u-10% wemvamisa ephakathi) lapho i-SWR ingadluli khona u-1.05.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-15-2024
