Ama-antenna ayithuluzi lokuxhumana elivame kakhulu empilweni yethu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi abawaqondi ngempela, mhlawumbe bazi nje ukuthi asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokwamukela izimpawu.
Ngeshwa, njengoba usosayensi waseRussia uPopov aphumelela ekusunguleni i-antenna ngo-1894, le divayisi inomlando weminyaka engu-124.
Namuhla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yomsebenzi wansuku zonke kanye nokuphila kwabantu abavamile, noma ososayensi abenza ucwaningo lwesayensi, asinakuphila ngaphandle komnikelo othule wama-antenna.
Luhlobo luni "lwentambo" oluyi-antenna, futhi kungani lushintshe impilo yethu ngokuphelele?
Eqinisweni, isizathu sokuthi ama-antenna anamandla kangaka ukuthi amaza kagesi anamandla. Futhi isizathu esikhulu sokuthi amaza kagesi anamandla kangaka ukuthi yiwona kuphela "amandla angaqondakali" angasakazeka ngaphandle kokuthembela kunoma iyiphi indlela. Ngisho noma kungenalutho, angahamba ngokukhululeka futhi afike ngokushesha.
Umdwebo wokusabalala kwamagagasi kagesi
Ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele la "mandla angaqondakali," udinga i-antenna. Kalula nje, i-antenna "iyi-converter"—iguqula amaza aqondiswayo asakazeka emgqeni wokudlulisa abe amaza kagesi asakazeka endaweni ekhululekile, noma enza ushintsho oluphambene.
Umsebenzi we-antenna
Iyini igagasi eliqondiswayo? Kalula nje, igagasi eliqondiswayo igagasi elisebenzisa i-electromagnetic elihamba ngentambo. I-antenna ifinyelela kanjani ekuguqulweni phakathi kwamagagasi aqondiswayo namagagasi endawo?
Bheka isithombe esingezansi:
I-physics eyisisekelo isitshela ukuthi lapho izintambo ezimbili ezihambisanayo ziphethe ugesi oshintshanayo, amagagasi kagesi ayakhishwa.
Uma izintambo ezimbili zisondelene kakhulu, imisebe iba buthaka kakhulu (amandla e-electromotive abangelwa yi-currents ngezindlela eziphambene acishe ahlukane).
Uma izintambo ezimbili zisakazeke ngokwehlukana, imisebe iyanda (amandla e-electromotive abangelwa yi-currents ohlangothini olufanayo nawo asendleleni efanayo).
Uma ubude bentambo bukhula bufinyelela engxenyeni eyodwa kwezine yobude be-wavelength, umphumela wokukhanya onamandla ungatholakala!
Lapho kukhona insimu kagesi, kukhona insimu yamagnetic; lapho kukhona insimu yamagnetic, kukhona insimu kagesi. Lo mjikelezo uyaqhubeka, okuholela ezinkundleni zamagnetic kanye namagagasi kagesi.
Umdwebo uboniswe ngezansi:
Ushintsho endleleni yokugeleza kwamandla kagesi ocingweni ludala insimu kagesi eshintshayo.
Izintambo ezimbili eziqondile ezikhiqiza insimu kagesi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-dipole.
Ngokuvamile, izingalo zombili zilingana ngobude, ngakho-ke zibizwa ngokuthi ama-dipole alinganayo.
I-dipole enobude obufana naleyo eboniswe ngezansi ibizwa ngokuthi i-dipole ehambisana ne-half-wave.
I-antenna ye-dipole ehambisanayo ye-half-wave
Ukuxhumanisa izinhlangothi ezimbili zentambo ndawonye kuyiguqula ibe yi-antenna ye-dipole egoqwe ngokulingana ene-half-wave.
I-antenna ye-dipole egoqwe ngokulinganayo ene-half-wave
I-antenna ye-dipole ehambisanayo iyona i-antenna yakudala kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, i-element ekhipha imisebe ayiyona i-antenna ephelele. I-element ekhipha imisebe iyisakhi esiyinhloko se-antenna, futhi ukuma kwayo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomklamo we-antenna. Futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zama-antenna... amaningi...
Kumagazini olandelayo, sizonikeza isingeniso esinemininingwane eminingi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antenna kanye nezici zawo.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-28-2025
