Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kokuvela kobuchwepheshe be-antenna esiteshini kuzo zonke izizukulwane zokuxhumana zamaselula, kusukela ku-1G kuya ku-5G. Ilandelela ukuthi ama-antenna aguquke kanjani ukusuka kuma-transceivers esignali alula aba izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinekhono elihlakaniphile njenge-beamforming ne-Massive MIMO.
**I-Core Technological Evolution by Generation**
| Isikhathi | Ubuchwepheshe Obubalulekile Nentuthuko | Inani Eliyinhloko Nezixazululo |
| **1G** | Izimpondo ze-Omnidirectional, ukuhlukahluka kwendawo | Ukuhlinzekwa okuyisisekelo; i-uplink ethuthukisiwe ngokuhlukahluka kwendawo nokuphazanyiswa okuncane ngenxa yesikhala esikhulu sesiteshi. |
| **2G** | Izimpondo eziqondisayo (i-sectorization), izimpondo eziphindwe kabili | Ukwanda kwamandla kanye nobubanzi bokuhlanganisa; i-dual-polarization inike amandla i-antenna eyodwa ukuthi ithathe indawo emibili, yonga isikhala futhi ivumele ukuthunyelwa okuminyene. |
| **3G** | Ama-antenna amaningi, i-remote electrical tilt (RET), izimpondo eziningi | Amabhendi amafrikhwensi amasha asekelwe, izindleko zesayithi ezincishisiwe nokunakekelwa; kunikwe amandla ukwenziwa kwerimothi kanye nomthamo ophindwe kabili kuma-hotspots. |
| **4G** | Ama-antenna e-MIMO (4T4R/8T8R), ama-antenna amaningi, imiklamo ehlanganisiwe ye-antenna-RRU | Ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral okuthuthukisiwe kanye namandla esistimu; kubhekwane nokuhlalisana kwemodi eminingi yamabhendi amaningi nokuhlanganiswa okukhulayo. |
| **5G** | I-Massive MIMO AAU (Iyunithi Ye-Antenna Esebenzayo) | Kuxazululwe izinselelo ezibalulekile zokumbozwa okubuthakathaka kanye nesidingo somthamo omkhulu kusetshenziswa ama-arrays amakhulu kanye nokwakheka okunembayo okunembayo. |
Le ndlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo iqhutshwa isidingo sokulinganisa izimfuno ezine ezibalulekile: ukumbozwa kuqhathaniswa namandla, isingeniso esisha se-spectrum ngokumelene nokuhambisana kwehadiwe, izithiyo zesikhala somzimba ngokumelene nezidingo zokusebenza, nobunkimbinkimbi bokusebenza ngokumelene nokunemba kwenethiwekhi.
Uma sibheka phambili, inkathi ye-6G izoqhubeka nomzila obheke ku-MIMO enkulu kakhulu, nezinto ze-antenna okulindeleke ukuthi zeqe izinkulungwane, kuthuthuke kusungulwe ubuchwepheshe be-antenna njengesisekelo samanethiwekhi eselula esizukulwane esilandelayo. Ukuqamba okusha kubuchwepheshe be-antenna kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthuthukiswa okubanzi kwemboni yezokuxhumana ngamaselula.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-24-2025
