Lesi sihloko sinikeza isibuyekezo esihlelekile sokuvela kobuchwepheshe be-antenna yesiteshi esiyisisekelo kuzo zonke izizukulwane zokuxhumana ngeselula, kusukela ku-1G kuya ku-5G. Silandelela indlela ama-antenna ashintshe ngayo kusukela kuma-transceiver esignali alula aba izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamakhono ahlakaniphile njengokwenza i-beamforming kanye ne-Massive MIMO.
**Ukuvela Kobuchwepheshe Obuyinhloko Ngesizukulwane**
| Isikhathi | Ubuchwepheshe Obubalulekile Nokuthuthuka | Inani Eliyinhloko Nezixazululo |
| **1G** | Ama-antenna aqondisa yonke indawo, ukuhlukahluka kwendawo | Kuhlinzekwe ngesembozo esiyisisekelo; isixhumanisi esithuthukisiwe ngokuhlukahluka kwendawo ngokuphazamiseka okuncane ngenxa yesikhala esikhulu sesiteshi.
| **2G** | Ama-antenna aqondisayo (ukuhlukaniswa), ama-antenna ane-polarized ekabili | Umthamo owandisiwe kanye nobubanzi bokumboza; i-polarized ekabili yenze i-antenna eyodwa yakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sezimbili, okusindisa isikhala futhi kwavumela ukuthunyelwa okunamandla. |
| **3G** | Ama-antenna amaningi, ukuthambekela kukagesi okude (RET), ama-antenna amaningi | Kusekelwe amabhendi amasha emvamisa, kuncishiswe izindleko zesayithi kanye nokugcinwa; kunikwe amandla ukwenza ngcono okude kanye nokwanda kwamandla ezindaweni ezishisayo. |
| **4G** | Ama-antenna e-MIMO (4T4R/8T8R), ama-antenna anamachweba amaningi, imiklamo ye-antenna-RRU ehlanganisiwe | Ukusebenza kahle kwe-spectral okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu kanye nomthamo wesistimu; kubhekane nokuhlala ndawonye kwama-multi-band multi-mode ngokuhlanganiswa okukhulayo. |
| **5G** | I-Massive MIMO AAU (Iyunithi ye-Antenna Esebenzayo) | Kuxazululwe izinselele ezibalulekile zokumbozwa okubuthakathaka kanye nesidingo esikhulu samandla ngokusebenzisa ama-array amakhulu kanye nokwakheka kwe-beam okunembile. |
Le ndlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo iqhutshwa yisidingo sokulinganisela izidingo ezine eziyinhloko: ukumbozwa uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo, isingeniso esisha se-spectrum uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhambisana kwehadiwe, imikhawulo yesikhala ebonakalayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezidingo zokusebenza, kanye nobunzima bokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nokunemba kwenethiwekhi.
Uma sibheka phambili, inkathi ye-6G izoqhubeka nomzila oya ku-MIMO enkulu kakhulu, kanti izakhi ze-antenna kulindeleke ukuthi zidlule izinkulungwane, okuzoqhubeka nokusungula ubuchwepheshe be-antenna njengesisekelo samanethiwekhi eselula esizukulwane esilandelayo. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kubuchwepheshe be-antenna kubonakalisa ngokusobala intuthuko ebanzi yomkhakha wezokuxhumana ngeselula.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-24-2025
