Ama-antenna e-microwave aguqula izimpawu zikagesi zibe amaza kagesi (kanye nokuphikisana nalokho) esebenzisa izakhiwo eziklanywe ngokunemba. Ukusebenza kwawo kuncike ezimisweni ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Ukuguqulwa Kwamagagasi Kagesi Kagesi
Imodi Yokudlulisa:
Izimpawu ze-RF ezivela ku-transmitter zihamba ngezinhlobo zokuxhuma ze-antenna (isb., i-SMA, uhlobo lwe-N) ziye endaweni yokuphakela. Izinto eziqhuba i-antenna (izimpondo/ama-dipole) zakha amagagasi abe yimishayo eqondisa isiqondiso.
Imodi Yokwamukela:
Amagagasi e-EM esigameko abangela imisinga ku-antenna, aguqulwe abe yizimpawu zikagesi zomamukeli
2. Ukulawulwa Kokuqondisa Nokushiswa Kwemisebe
Ukuqondisa kwe-antenna kulinganisa ukugxila kwe-beam. I-antenna eqondisa kakhulu (isb., uphondo) igxila amandla ezindaweni ezincane, ezilawulwa yi:
Isiqondiso (dBi) ≈ 10 log₁₀(4πA/λ²)
Lapho u-A = indawo yokuvula, u-λ = ubude be-wavelength.
Imikhiqizo ye-antenna ye-microwave njengezitsha ze-parabolic ifinyelela isiqondiso se->30 dBi sezixhumanisi zesathelayithi.
3. Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Nezindima Zazo
| Ingxenye | Umsebenzi | Isibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Isici Esikhipha Imisebe | Iguqula amandla kagesi-EM | I-Patch, i-dipole, i-slot |
| Inethiwekhi Yokuphakelayo | Umhlahlandlela uphakamisa amagagasi ngokulahlekelwa okuncane | Umhlahlandlela wamagagasi, umugqa we-microstrip |
| Izingxenye Ezingasebenzi | Thuthukisa ubuqotho besiginali | Ama-Phase shifters, ama-polarizers |
| Izixhumi | Isixhumanisi nemigqa yokudlulisela | 2.92mm (40GHz), 7/16 (I-Pwr Ephezulu) |
4. Umklamo Oqondile Wemvamisa
< 6 GHz: Ama-antenna e-Microstrip ayabusa ngobukhulu obuncane.
> 18 GHz: Izimpondo ze-Waveguide zisebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza okuphansi kokulahlekelwa.
Isici Esibalulekile: Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-impedance ezixhumini ze-antenna kuvimbela ukubonakaliswa (i-VSWR <1.5).
Izicelo Zomhlaba Wangempela:
I-5G Massive MIMO: Ama-microstrip arrays anezingxenye ezingasebenzi zokuqondisa ngomqamelo.
Izinhlelo zeRadar: Ukuqondisa okuphezulu kwe-antenna kuqinisekisa ukulandelela okunembile kwenhloso.
Ama-Satellite Comms: Ama-reflector e-parabolic afinyelela ukusebenza kahle kwe-aperture okungu-99%.
Isiphetho: Ama-antenna e-microwave athembele ku-resonance kagesi, izinhlobo zokuxhuma ze-antenna enembile, kanye nokuqondisa kwe-antenna okulungiselelwe ukudlulisa/ukwamukela amasignali. Imikhiqizo ye-antenna ye-microwave ethuthukisiwe ihlanganisa izingxenye ezingasebenzi ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa futhi kwandiswe ububanzi.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-15-2025
