Ama-antenna ama-Microwave aguqula amasignali kagesi abe amagagasi kagesi (kanye ngokuphambene nalokho) esebenzisa izakhiwo ezinobunjiniyela obunembayo. Ukusebenza kwabo kuncike ezimisweni ezintathu ezibalulekile:
1. Ukuguqulwa kwamagagasi kagesi
Imodi yokudlulisa:
Amasignali e-RF asuka ohambweni lwesidluliseli esebenzisa izinhlobo zezixhumi ze-antenna (isb, i-SMA, uhlobo lwe-N) ukuya endaweni yokuphakelayo. Izakhi ze-antenna (izimpondo/ama-dipoles) zenza amagagasi abe yimishayo eqondisayo.
Imodi yokwamukela:
Amagagasi e-EM esigameko enza imisinga ku-antenna, aguqulelwe emuva kumasiginali kagesi kumamukeli.
2. Ukulawula Ukuqondisa Nokushisa
Ukuqondisa kwe-antenna kulinganisa ukugxila kwe-beam. I-antenna enokuqondisa okuphezulu (isb, uphondo) igxilisa amandla kuma-lobe amancane, abuswa yilokhu:
Ukuqondisa (dBi) ≈ 10 log₁₀(4πA/λ²)
Lapho A = indawo yokuvula, λ = ubude begagasi.
Imikhiqizo ye-antenna ye-Microwave efana nezitsha ze-parabolic ifinyelela >30 dBi ukuqondisa kwezixhumanisi zesathelayithi.
3. Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Nezindima Zazo
| Isakhi | Umsebenzi | Isibonelo |
|---|---|---|
| Isici Sokukhanya | Iguqula amandla kagesi-EM | Patch, dipole, slot |
| Inethiwekhi Yokuphakelayo | Iqondisa amagagasi anokulahlekelwa okuncane | I-Waveguide, umugqa we-microstrip |
| I-Passive Components | Thuthukisa ubuqotho besignali | Izigaba ezishintshayo, ama-polarizers |
| Izixhumi | Isixhumi esibonakalayo esinemigqa yokudlulisela | 2.92mm (40GHz), 7/16 (High Pwr) |
4. Idizayini Ecaciswe Imvamisa
<6 GHz: Izinti ze-Microstrip zibusa ngosayizi ohlangene.
> 18 GHz: Izimpondo ze-Waveguide zihamba phambili ekusebenzeni kokulahlekelwa okuphansi.
Isici Esibalulekile: Ukumatanisa kokuphazamiseka kuzixhumi ze-antenna kuvimbela ukubonakaliswa (VSWR <1.5).
Izicelo Zomhlaba Wangempela:
I-5G Massive MIMO: Amalungu afanayo e-Microstrip anezinto ezingenzi lutho zokuqondisa kwe-beam.
I-Radar Systems: Ukuqondisa okuphezulu kwe-antenna kuqinisekisa ukulandelwa okuqondile kwethagethi.
I-Satellite Comms: Izibonisi ze-Parabolic zithola ukusebenza kahle kokuvula okungu-99%.
Isiphetho: Ama-antenna e-Microwave ancike ekukhanyeni kwe-electromagnetic, izinhlobo zezixhumi ezinembayo ze-antenna, kanye nokuqondisa kwe-antenna okuthuthukisiwe ukudlulisa/ukwamukela amasignali. Imikhiqizo ye-antenna ye-microwave ethuthukisiwe ihlanganisa izinto ezingenzi lutho ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa nokwandisa ububanzi.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2025
