umfanekiso 1
1. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Beam
Enye ipharamitha evamile yokuhlola ikhwalithi yokudlulisa nokwamukela izinti ukusebenza kahle kohlaka. Ku-antenna ene-lobe eyinhloko ohlangothini lwe-axis njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 1, ukusebenza kahle kwe-beam (BE) kuchazwa ngokuthi:
Isilinganiso samandla adlulisiwe noma atholwa ngaphakathi kwe-engeli yekhoni engu-θ1 kuwo wonke amandla adluliswayo noma atholwe uthi. Ifomula engenhla ingabhalwa kanje:
Uma i-engeli lapho kuvela khona iphoyinti lokuqala elinguziro noma inani eliphansi likhethwa njengo-θ1, ukusebenza kahle kwe-beam kumelela isilinganiso samandla akulobe eyinhloko kuwo wonke amandla. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-metrology, i-astronomy, ne-radar, i-antenna idinga ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwe-beam. Ngokuvamile kudingeka ngaphezu kuka-90%, futhi amandla atholwe yi-lobe eseceleni kufanele abe mancane ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. Umkhawulokudonsa
Umkhawulokudonsa we-antenna uchazwa ngokuthi "ibanga lemvamisa lapho ukusebenza kwezici ezithile zothi kuhlangana khona namazinga athile". Umkhawulokudonsa ungabhekwa njengobubanzi befrikhwensi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zemvamisa yesikhungo (ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kumafrikhwensi e-resonant) lapho izici ze-antenna (ezifana ne-impedance yokufaka, iphethini yokuqondisa, i-beamwidth, i-polarization, izinga le-sidelobe, inzuzo, ukukhomba i-beam, imisebe. ukusebenza kahle) zingaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo ngemva kokuqhathanisa inani lemvamisa yesikhungo.
. Kuma-antenna e-broadband, umkhawulokudonsa uvamise ukuvezwa njengesilinganiso samaza aphezulu naphansi wokusebenza okwamukelekayo. Isibonelo, umkhawulokudonsa ongu-10:1 usho ukuthi imvamisa ephezulu iphindwe ka-10 kunefrikhwensi ephansi.
. Kuma-antenna e-narrowband, umkhawulokudonsa uvezwa njengephesenti lomehluko wemvamisa enanini elimaphakathi. Isibonelo, i-bandwidth engu-5% isho ukuthi ibanga lefrikhwensi elamukelekayo liyi-5% yefrikhwensi ephakathi.
Ngenxa yokuthi izici ze-antenna (i-impedance yokokufaka, iphethini yokuqondisa, inzuzo, i-polarization, njll.) ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobuningi, izici zomkhawulokudonsa azifani. Ngokuvamile izinguquko zephethini yokuqondisa kanye ne-impedance yokufaka zihlukile. Ngakho-ke, i-bandwidth yephethini yokuqondisa kanye ne-impedance bandwidth iyadingeka ukuze kugcizelele lo mehluko. I-bandwidth yephethini yokuqondisa ihlobene nenzuzo, izinga le-sidelobe, i-beamidth, i-polarization kanye nesiqondiso se-beam, kuyilapho i-impedance yokufaka nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe kuhlobene nomkhawulokudonsa we-impedance. Umkhawulokudonsa uvamise ukushiwo ngokuya nge-beamwidth, amazinga e-sidelobe, nezici zephethini.
Ingxoxo engenhla ithatha ukuthi ubukhulu benethiwekhi yokuhlanganisa (i-transformer, counterpoise, njll.) kanye/noma i-antenna abushintshi nganoma iyiphi indlela njengoba imvamisa ishintsha. Uma izilinganiso ezibucayi ze-antenna kanye/noma inethiwekhi yokuhlanganisa zingalungiswa kahle njengoba imvamisa ishintsha, umkhawulokudonsa we-narrowband antenna ungandiswa. Nakuba lokhu kungewona umsebenzi olula ngokujwayelekile, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ungafezwa khona. Isibonelo esivame kakhulu i-antenna yomsakazo kumsakazo wemoto, ovame ukuba nobude obulungisekayo obungasetshenziswa ukushuna uthi ukuze lwamukele kangcono.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-12-2024
