Ukusebenza kahle kwe-i-antennaibhekisela ekhonweni le-antenna lokuguqula amandla kagesi okufakwayo abe amandla akhishwa imisebe. Ekuxhumaneni okungenantambo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kunomthelela obalulekile kwikhwalithi yokudlulisa isignali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kungabonakaliswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Ukusebenza kahle = (Amandla akhishwa imisebe / Amandla okufaka) * 100%
Phakathi kwazo, amandla akhishwa imisebe amandla kagesi akhishwa yi-antenna, kanti amandla okufaka amandla kagesi afakwa kwi-antenna.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuthinteka yizici eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwe-antenna, izinto zokwakha, usayizi, imvamisa yokusebenza, njll. Ngokuvamile, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuphakeme, kulapho ingaguqula khona amandla kagesi okufakwayo abe amandla akhishwa imisebe, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ikhwalithi yokudluliselwa kwesignali futhi inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kuyinto ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kuklanywa futhi kukhethwa ama-antenna, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukudluliswa kwebanga elide noma ezinezidingo eziqinile zokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
1. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna
Umfanekiso 1
Umqondo wokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna ungachazwa kusetshenziswa uMfanekiso 1.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna okuphelele u-e0 kusetshenziselwa ukubala ukulahlekelwa kwe-antenna kokufakwayo nangaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-antenna. Ngokubhekisela kuMfanekiso 1(b), lokhu kulahlekelwa kungabangelwa:
1. Ukubonakaliswa okubangelwa ukungalingani phakathi komugqa wokudlulisela kanye ne-antenna;
2. Ukulahlekelwa yi-conductor kanye ne-dielectric.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna okuphelele kungatholakala kule fomula elandelayo:
Okusho ukuthi, ukusebenza kahle okuphelele = umkhiqizo wokusebenza kahle okungafani, ukusebenza kahle komqhubi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-dielectric.
Ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukubala ukusebenza kahle komqhubi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-dielectric, kodwa kunganqunywa ngokuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa akukwazi ukuhlukanisa ukulahlekelwa okubili, ngakho-ke ifomula engenhla ingabhalwa kabusha ngokuthi:
i-ecd iwukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna kanti i-Γ iwukubala okubonakalayo.
2. Inzuzo kanye Nenzuzo Ebonakalayo
Esinye isilinganiso esiwusizo sokuchaza ukusebenza kwe-antenna inzuzo. Nakuba inzuzo ye-antenna ihlobene eduze nokuqondisa, iyipharamitha ecabangela kokubili ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuqondisa kwe-antenna. I-Directivity iyipharamitha echaza kuphela izici zokuqondisa ze-antenna, ngakho-ke inqunywa kuphela yiphethini yemisebe.
Ukwanda kwe-antenna ohlangothini oluthile kuchazwa ngokuthi "isilinganiso sobukhulu bemisebe kulolo hlangothi namandla okufaka aphelele." Uma kungekho siqondiso esibekiwe, ukwanda kokukhanya okuphezulu ngokuvamile kuthathwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kukhona:
Ngokuvamile, kubhekisela ekuzuzeni okuhlobene, okuchazwa ngokuthi "isilinganiso sokuzuza kwamandla ohlangothini oluthile namandla e-antenna yokubhekisela ohlangothini lokubhekisela". Amandla okufaka kule-antenna kumele alingane. I-antenna yokubhekisela ingaba yi-vibrator, i-horn noma enye i-antenna. Ezimweni eziningi, umthombo wephuzu ongaqondisiwe usetshenziswa njenge-antenna yokubhekisela. Ngakho-ke:
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla aphelele akhishwa imisebe kanye namandla okufaka aphelele bungokulandelayo:
Ngokwezinga le-IEEE, "Inzuzo ayifaki ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukungalingani kwe-impedance (ukulahlekelwa kokuzindla) kanye nokungafani kwe-polarization (ukulahlekelwa)." Kunemibono emibili yenzuzo, eyodwa ibizwa ngokuthi inzuzo (G) kanti enye ibizwa ngokuthi inzuzo efinyelelekayo (Gre), ecabangela ukulahlekelwa kokuzindla/ukungalingani.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwenzuzo kanye nesiqondiso yilokhu:
Uma i-antenna ifanelana kahle nomugqa wokudlulisa, okungukuthi, i-impedance yokufaka i-antenna i-Zin ilingana ne-impedance ephawulekayo i-Zc yomugqa (|Γ| = 0), khona-ke inzuzo kanye nenzuzo efinyelelekayo kuyalingana (Gre = G).
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-14-2024
