Ukusebenza kahle kwe-uthiisho ikhono le-antenna lokuguqula amandla kagesi okufakwayo abe amandla omsebe. Kwezokuxhumana okungenantambo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kunomthelela obalulekile kukhwalithi yokudlulisa isignali nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kungavezwa ngefomula elandelayo:
Ukusebenza kahle = (Amandla akhazimulayo / amandla okokufaka) * 100%
Phakathi kwazo, Amandla akhazimulayo amandla kazibuthe kagesi asakazwa uthi, futhi amandla okufaka amandla kagesi okufakwayo othini.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuthintwa izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kothi, okokusebenza, usayizi, imvamisa yokusebenza, njll. Ngokuvamile, lapho i-antenna iphezulu ukusebenza kahle kwayo, ingaguqula ngempumelelo amandla kagesi okufakwayo abe amandla asakazwayo, ngaleyo ndlela. ukwenza ngcono izinga lokudluliswa kwesignali kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kahle kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho uklama nokukhetha izinti, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukudluliswa kwebanga elide noma ezinezidingo eziqinile ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla.
1. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna
Umfanekiso 1
Umqondo wokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna ungachazwa kusetshenziswa uMfanekiso 1.
Ingqikithi yokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna engu-e0 isetshenziselwa ukubala ukulahleka kwezithiyo kokokufakayo nangaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-antenna. Ngokubhekiselwa kuMfanekiso 1(b), lokhu kulahlekelwa kungase kubangelwe:
1. Ukuboniswa ngenxa yokungafani phakathi kolayini wokudlulisela kanye nothi;
2. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-conductor kanye ne-dielectric.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kungatholakala kufomula elandelayo:
Okusho ukuthi, ukusebenza kahle okuphelele = umkhiqizo wokungafani kahle, ukusebenza kahle komqhubi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-dielectric.
Ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukubala ukusebenza kahle komqhubi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-dielectric, kodwa kunganqunywa ngokuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa akukwazi ukuhlukanisa ukulahlekelwa okubili, ngakho-ke le fomula engenhla ingabhalwa kabusha ngokuthi:
I-ecd ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ye-antenna futhi u-Γ iyi-coefficient yokubonisa.
2. Zuza futhi Uzuze Inzuzo
Enye imethrikhi ewusizo yokuchaza ukusebenza kwe-antenna inzuzo. Nakuba ukuzuza kwe-antenna kuhlobene eduze nokuqondisa, kuyipharamitha ecabangela kokubili ukusebenza kahle nokuqondisa kwe-antenna. Ukuqondisa kuyipharamitha echaza kuphela izici eziqondisayo ze-antenna, ngakho-ke kunqunywa iphethini yemisebe kuphela.
Ukuzuza kwe-antenna endaweni ethile kuchazwa ngokuthi "izikhathi ezingu-4π zesilinganiso sokushuba kwemisebe kuleso sici ukuya kuwo wonke amandla okokufaka." Uma kungekho siqondiso esicacisiwe, inzuzo esiqondisweni semisebe ephezulu ngokuvamile ithathwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kukhona:
Ngokuvamile, kubhekiselwa enzuzweni ehlobene, echazwa ngokuthi "isilinganiso senzuzo yamandla ngendlela ecacisiwe emandleni e-antenna eyireferensi endaweni eyireferensi". Amandla okufakwayo kule antenna kufanele alingane. I-antenna eyireferensi ingaba isidlidlizi, uphondo noma olunye uthi. Ezimweni eziningi, umthombo wephoyinti ongaqondile usetshenziswa njengothi lwereferensi. Ngakho-ke:
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla okukhishwa kwemisebe kanye namandla okufaka aphelele bumi kanje:
Ngokwendinganiso ye-IEEE, "Inzuzo ayihlanganisi ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokungafani kokuphazamiseka (ukulahleka komfanekiso) kanye nokungafani kwe-polarization (ukulahlekelwa)." Kunemiqondo emibili yokuzuza, eyodwa ibizwa ngokuthi inzuzo (G) kanti enye ibizwa ngenzuzo efinyelelekayo (Gre), ecabangela ukulahlekelwa kokubonakala/okungafani.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwenzuzo nokuqondisa yilokhu:
Uma i-antenna ifaniswe ngokuphelele nolayini wokudlulisela, okungukuthi, i-impedance yokufaka i-antenna i-Zin ilingana nesici se-impedance Zc yomugqa (|Γ| = 0), khona-ke inzuzo nenzuzo efinyelelekayo kuyalingana (Gre = G ).
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-14-2024
