I-AntennaUkulinganisa kuyinqubo yokuhlola nokuhlaziya ukusebenza kwe-antenna ngobuningi kanye nezici. Ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuhlola ekhethekile kanye nezindlela zokulinganisa, silinganisa inzuzo, iphethini yemisebe, isilinganiso samagagasi okuma, impendulo yemvamisa kanye neminye imingcele ye-antenna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imininingwane yokuklama ye-antenna iyahlangabezana yini nezidingo, sihlole ukusebenza kwe-antenna, futhi sinikeze iziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa. Imiphumela kanye nedatha evela ekulinganisweni kwe-antenna ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-antenna, ukwenza ngcono imiklamo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo, kanye nokunikeza isiqondiso kanye nempendulo kubakhiqizi be-antenna kanye nonjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Imishini Edingekayo Ekulinganisweni Kwe-Antenna
Ekuhlolweni kwe-antenna, idivayisi eyisisekelo kakhulu yi-VNA. Uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwe-VNA yi-VNA ene-port eyodwa, ekwazi ukukala ukuvimba kwe-antenna.
Ukulinganisa iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna, inzuzo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwayo kunzima kakhulu futhi kudinga imishini eminingi kakhulu. Sizobiza i-antenna ukuze ilinganiswe nge-AUT, okusho ukuthi i-Antenna Under Test. Imishini edingekayo yokulinganisa i-antenna ifaka:
I-antenna yokubhekisela - I-antenna enezici ezaziwayo (ukuzuza, iphethini, njll.)
I-RF Power Transmitter - Indlela yokufaka amandla ku-AUT [I-Antenna Ingaphansi Kokuhlolwa]
Uhlelo lokwamukela - Lokhu kunquma ukuthi angakanani amandla atholwa yi-antenna yokubhekisela
Uhlelo lokubeka - Lolu hlelo lusetshenziselwa ukuzungezisa i-antenna yokuhlola uma iqhathaniswa ne-antenna yomthombo, ukukala iphethini yemisebe njengomsebenzi we-engeli.
Umdwebo wamabhulokhi wemishini engenhla uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1. Umdwebo wemishini yokulinganisa i-antenna edingekayo.
Lezi zingxenye zizoxoxwa kafushane. I-Reference Antenna kufanele ikhanye kahle ngemvamisa yokuhlola oyifunayo. Ama-antenna okubhekisela avame ukuba ama-antenna empondo ahlukaniswe kabili, ukuze i-polarization evundlile neqondile ingalinganiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Uhlelo Lokudlulisa kufanele lukwazi ukukhipha izinga lamandla elizinzile elaziwayo. Imvamisa yokukhipha kufanele futhi ikwazi ukuguqulwa (ikhetheke), futhi izinzile ngokufanele (izinzile kusho ukuthi imvamisa oyithola ku-transmitter iseduze nemvamisa oyifunayo, ayishintshi kakhulu ngokushisa). I-transmitter kufanele ibe namandla amancane kakhulu kuzo zonke ezinye imvamisa (kuzohlala kukhona amandla ngaphandle kwemvamisa oyifunayo, kodwa akufanele kube namandla amaningi kuma-harmonics, isibonelo).
Uhlelo Lokwamukela ludinga nje ukunquma ukuthi kungakanani amandla atholwa yi-antenna yokuhlola. Lokhu kungenziwa ngemitha yamandla elula, okuyidivayisi yokulinganisa amandla e-RF (imvamisa yomsakazo) futhi ingaxhunywa ngqo kuma-terminal e-antenna ngomugqa wokudlulisela (njengekhebula le-coaxial elinezixhumi zohlobo lwe-N noma ze-SMA). Ngokuvamile umamukeli uyisistimu engu-50 Ohm, kodwa angaba yi-impedance ehlukile uma icacisiwe.
Qaphela ukuthi uhlelo lokudlulisa/lokwamukela luvame ukushintshwa yi-VNA. Isilinganiso se-S21 sidlulisa imvamisa ngaphandle kwechweba 1 futhi siqopha amandla atholiwe echwebeni 2. Ngakho-ke, i-VNA ifaneleka kahle kulo msebenzi; nokho akuyona yodwa indlela yokwenza lo msebenzi.
Uhlelo Lokubeka Indawo lulawula ukuqondiswa kwe-antenna yokuhlola. Njengoba sifuna ukukala iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna yokuhlola njengomsebenzi we-engeli (ngokuvamile kuma-coordinates ayindilinga), sidinga ukuzungeza i-antenna yokuhlola ukuze i-antenna yomthombo ikhanyise i-antenna yokuhlola kuzo zonke izingqimba ezingaba khona. Uhlelo lokubeka indawo lusetshenziselwa le njongo. KuMfanekiso 1, sibonisa i-AUT izungezwa. Qaphela ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza lokhu kuzungeza; ngezinye izikhathi i-antenna yokubhekisela iyazungezwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zombili i-antenna yokubhekisela kanye ne-AUT ziyazungezwa.
Manje njengoba sesinayo yonke imishini edingekayo, singaxoxa ngokuthi singazenza kuphi izilinganiso.
Ikuphi indawo enhle yokulinganisa i-antenna yethu? Mhlawumbe ungathanda ukwenza lokhu egalaji lakho, kodwa ukubonakaliswa okuvela ezindongeni, ophahleni kanye naphansi kungenza ukulinganisa kwakho kunganembile. Indawo efanelekile yokwenza ukulinganisa i-antenna isendaweni ethile emkhathini ongaphandle, lapho kungekho ukubonakaliswa okungenzeka khona. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukuhamba emkhathini okwamanje kubiza kakhulu, sizogxila ezindaweni zokulinganisa ezisebusweni boMhlaba. I-Anechoic Chamber ingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa ukusethwa kokuhlolwa kwe-antenna ngenkathi imunca amandla abonakalayo nge-RF absorbing foam.
Izindawo Ezikhululekile Zokuhlala (Amakamelo Anechoic)
Izikhala zesikhala ezikhululekile ziyizindawo zokulinganisa i-antenna ezenzelwe ukulingisa izilinganiso ezizokwenziwa emkhathini. Okusho ukuthi, wonke amagagasi abonakalayo avela ezintweni eziseduze kanye nomhlabathi (okungafiseleki) acindezelwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Izikhala zesikhala ezikhululekile ezidumile kakhulu amakamelo angenamsindo, izikhala eziphakeme, kanye nebanga elincane.
Amakamelo e-Anechoic
Amakamelo anechoic ayizindawo ze-antenna zangaphakathi. Izindonga, ophahleni kanye nephansi kufakwe izinto ezikhethekile zokumunca amaza kagesi. Izindawo zangaphakathi ziyafiseleka ngoba izimo zokuhlola zingalawulwa kakhulu kunezindawo zangaphandle. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukuba nama-jegging ngesimo, okwenza la makamelo abe mnandi ukuwabona. Izimo zonxantathu onama-jegging zenzelwe ukuthi lokho okuboniswa kuzo kuvame ukusabalala ngezindlela ezingahleliwe, futhi lokho okungeziwe ndawonye kuzo zonke izibonisi ezingahleliwe kuvame ukwengeza ngokungaqondile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kucindezelwe kakhulu. Isithombe segumbi eline-jeaching siboniswe esithombeni esilandelayo, kanye neminye imishini yokuhlola:
(Isithombe sibonisa ukuhlolwa kwe-antenna ye-RFMISO)
Inkinga ngama-anechoic chambers ukuthi avame ukudinga ukuba makhulu impela. Ngokuvamile ama-antenna adinga ukuba nama-wavelength amaningana kude komunye nomunye okungenani ukuze alingise izimo zasensimini ekude. Ngakho-ke, kuma-frequency aphansi anama-wavelength amakhulu sidinga amakamelo amakhulu kakhulu, kodwa izindleko kanye nemikhawulo engokoqobo ivame ukukhawulela usayizi wawo. Ezinye izinkampani eziqasha ukuzivikela ezilinganisa i-Radar Cross Section yezindiza ezinkulu noma ezinye izinto zaziwa ukuthi zinamakamelo anechoic asayizi wezinkundla zebhasikidi, yize lokhu kungavamile. Amanyuvesi anamakamelo anechoic ngokuvamile anamakamelo angamamitha angu-3-5 ubude, ububanzi kanye nokuphakama. Ngenxa yomkhawulo wosayizi, futhi ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezimunca i-RF zivame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ku-UHF nangaphezulu, amakamelo anechoic avame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-frequency angaphezu kuka-300 MHz.
Amabanga Aphakeme
Ama-Elevated Ranges ayizindawo zangaphandle. Kulokhu kusetha, umthombo kanye ne-antenna evivinywayo kufakwe ngaphezu komhlaba. Lawa ma-antenna angaba sezintabeni, emibhoshongweni, ezakhiweni, noma noma kuphi lapho umuntu ethola khona ukuthi kufanelekile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kuma-antenna amakhulu kakhulu noma kuma-frequency aphansi (i-VHF nangaphansi, <100 MHz) lapho izilinganiso zangaphakathi zingeke zilungiswe khona. Umdwebo oyisisekelo wobubanzi obuphakeme uboniswe kuMfanekiso 2.
Umfanekiso 2. Umfanekiso webanga eliphakeme.
I-antenna yomthombo (noma i-antenna yokubhekisela) ayiyona indawo ephakeme kakhulu kune-antenna yokuhlola, ngiyibonise ngaleyo ndlela lapha. Umugqa wokubona (i-LOS) phakathi kwama-antenna amabili (okuboniswe yi-black ray ku-Figure 2) kumele ungaphazanyiswa. Zonke ezinye izibani (njengomsebe obomvu oboniswa phansi) azifiseleki. Kumazinga aphezulu, uma umthombo nendawo ye-antenna yokuhlola sekunqunyiwe, opharetha bokuhlola bese benquma ukuthi kuzokwenzeka kuphi izibani ezibalulekile, bese bezama ukunciphisa izibani ezivela kulezi zindawo. Ngokuvamile izinto ezimunca i-rf zisetshenziselwa le njongo, noma ezinye izinto eziphambukisa imisebe kude ne-antenna yokuhlola.
Amabanga Amancane
I-antenna yomthombo kumele ibekwe ensimini ekude ye-antenna yokuhlola. Isizathu ukuthi igagasi elitholwa yi-antenna yokuhlola kufanele libe yigagasi lendiza ukuze kube nokunemba okuphezulu. Njengoba ama-antenna ekhipha amagagasi ayindilinga, i-antenna idinga ukuba kude ngokwanele kangangokuthi igagasi elikhishwa yi-antenna yomthombo licishe libe yigagasi lendiza - bheka uMfanekiso 3.
Umfanekiso 3. I-antenna yomthombo ikhipha igagasi elinohlangothi oluyindilinga.
Kodwa-ke, emakamelweni angaphakathi ngokuvamile akwanele ukuhlukaniswa ukuze kufezwe lokhu. Enye indlela yokulungisa le nkinga ukusebenzisa ububanzi obuncane. Kule ndlela, i-antenna yomthombo iqondiswe ku-reflector, enesimo esiklanyelwe ukubonakalisa igagasi eliyindilinga ngendlela ecishe ibe yi-planar. Lokhu kufana kakhulu nesimiso esisebenza ngaso i-antenna yesitsha. Ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 4.
Umfanekiso 4. Ibanga Elincane - amaza ayindilinga avela ku-antenna yomthombo abonakala sengathi ahlelekile (ahlanganisiwe).
Ubude besibukisi se-parabolic ngokuvamile bufiswa ukuba bube bukhulu ngokuphindwe kaningana kune-antenna yokuhlola. I-antenna yomthombo ku-Figure 4 isuselwe ku-reflector ukuze ingaphazamisi imisebe eboniswayo. Kumelwe futhi kuqashelwe ukuze kugcinwe noma yimiphi imisebe eqondile (ukuhlanganiswa okuhambisanayo) kusukela ku-antenna yomthombo kuya ku-antenna yokuhlola.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-03-2024
