I-Antennaukulinganisa kuyinqubo yokuhlola kanye nokuhlaziya ukusebenza kwe-antenna nezici. Ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuhlola ekhethekile nezindlela zokulinganisa, sikala inzuzo, iphethini yemisebe, isilinganiso samagagasi okuma, impendulo yemvamisa kanye neminye imingcele yothi ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi ukucaciswa komklamo we-antenna kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo, sihlole ukusebenza kothi. nikeza iziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa. Imiphumela nedatha evela ezilinganisweni ze-antenna ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinti, ukuthuthukisa imiklamo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesistimu, nokuhlinzeka ngesiqondiso nempendulo kubakhiqizi bezintingo nonjiniyela bohlelo lokusebenza.
Izinto Ezidingekayo Ezilinganisweni Ze-Antenna
Ekuhlolweni kwe-antenna, idivayisi ebaluleke kakhulu i-VNA.Uhlobo olulula lwe-VNA i-VNA enembobo engu-1, ekwazi ukukala ukuthintana kothi.
Ukukala iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna, ukuzuza nokusebenza kahle kunzima kakhulu futhi kudinga amathuluzi amaningi kakhulu. I-antenna sizoyibiza ngokuthi i-AUT, okusho ukuthi i-Antenna Under Test. Imishini edingekayo yokulinganisa i-antenna ihlanganisa:
I-antenna eyisithenjwa - I-antenna enezici ezaziwayo (inzuzo, iphethini, njll)
I-RF Power Transmitter - Indlela yokujova amandla ku-AUT [I-Antenna Ingaphansi Kokuhlolwa]
Isistimu yomamukeli - Lokhu kunquma ukuthi mangakanani amandla atholwa uthi lwereferensi
Isistimu yokumisa - Le sistimu isetshenziselwa ukuzungezisa i-antenna yokuhlola ngokuhlobene ne-antenna yomthombo, ukukala iphethini yemisebe njengomsebenzi we-engeli.
Umdwebo webhulokhi wemishini engenhla ukhonjiswe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1. Umdwebo wemishini yokukala i-antenna edingekayo.
Lezi zingxenye zizoxoxwa kafushane. I-reference Antenna kufanele nakanjani ikhanye kahle ngemvamisa yokuhlola oyifunayo. Izimpondo eziyisethenjwa zivame ukuba yizimpondo ezihlukene kabili, ukuze ukuhlukaniswa okuvundlile nokuqondile kukalwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Uhlelo Lokudlulisa kufanele lukwazi ukukhipha izinga lamandla elizinzile elaziwayo. Imvamisa yokuphumayo kufanele futhi iguquleke (ikhetheke), futhi izinze ngokufanelekile (izinzile kusho ukuthi imvamisa oyithola kumthumeli iseduze nefrikhwensi oyifunayo, ayihlukani kakhulu nezinga lokushisa). Isidluliseli kufanele siqukathe amandla amancane kakhulu kuwo wonke amanye amaza (kuzohlala kukhona amandla athile ngaphandle kwefrikhwensi oyifunayo, kodwa akufanele kube namandla amaningi kuma-harmonics, isibonelo).
Uhlelo Lokwamukela umane ludinga ukunquma ukuthi mangakanani amandla atholwa ku-antenna yokuhlola. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa imitha yamandla elula, okuyidivayisi yokulinganisa amandla e-RF (ifrikhwensi yomsakazo) futhi ingaxhunywa ngokuqondile kumatheminali ngocingo lokudlulisela (njengentambo eqinile enohlobo lwe-N noma izixhumi ze-SMA). Ngokuvamile umamukeli uwuhlelo lwama-Ohm angu-50, kodwa kungaba yisithiyo esihlukile uma kucacisiwe.
Qaphela ukuthi isistimu yokudlulisela/yokwamukela ngokuvamile ithathelwa indawo i-VNA. Isilinganiso se-S21 sidlulisa imvamisa ngaphandle kwembobo 1 futhi sirekhoda amandla atholiwe ku-port 2. Ngakho, i-VNA iwufanele kahle lo msebenzi; nokho akuyona ukuphela kwendlela yokwenza lo msebenzi.
I-Positioning System ilawula umumo we-antenna yokuhlola. Njengoba sifuna ukukala iphethini yemisebe ye-antenna yokuhlola njengomsebenzi we-engeli (imvamisa ezixhumanisini eziyindilinga), sidinga ukuzungezisa uthi lokuhlola ukuze i-antenna yomthombo ikhanyise i-engeli yokuhlola kuwo wonke ama-engeli angaba khona. Isistimu yokumisa isetshenziselwa le njongo. Emfanekisweni 1, sibonisa i-AUT ijikeleziswa. Qaphela ukuthi ziningi izindlela zokwenza lokhu kuzungezisa; kwesinye isikhathi i-antenna eyireferensi iyazungeziswa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zombili ireferensi nezinti ze-AUT ziyazungeziswa.
Manje njengoba sesinazo zonke izisetshenziswa ezidingekayo, singaxoxa ngokuthi singazenza kuphi izilinganiso.
Ikuphi indawo ekahle yezilinganiso zethu ze-antenna? Mhlawumbe ungathanda ukwenza lokhu egalaji lakho, kodwa ukubonakaliswa okuvela ezindongeni, ophahleni naphansi kungenza izilinganiso zakho zinganembile. Indawo ekahle yokwenza izilinganiso ze-antenna isendaweni engaphandle, lapho kungabonakali khona. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukuhamba emkhathini okwamanje kubiza kakhulu, sizogxila ezindaweni zokulinganisa ezisebusweni boMhlaba. I-Anechoic Chamber ingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa ukusethwa kokuhlolwa kwe-antenna kuyilapho idonsa amandla avelayo ngegwebu elimunca i-RF.
I-Space Ranges yamahhala (Anechoic Chambers)
Ububanzi besikhala samahhala yizindawo zokulinganisa izimpondo eziklanyelwe ukulingisa izilinganiso ezizokwenziwa emkhathini. Okusho ukuthi, wonke amagagasi avela ezintweni eziseduze kanye nomhlabathi (okungafuneki) acindezelwe ngangokunokwenzeka. Ububanzi bezikhala zamahhala ezidume kakhulu ngamakamelo anechoic, ububanzi obuphakeme, kanye nobubanzi obuhlangene.
Izinhlobo ze-Anechoic Chambers
Ama-Anechoic Chambers ayizigaba ze-antenna zasendlini. Izindonga, usilingi kanye nephansi kufakwe izinto ezikhethekile zokudonsa amagagasi kagesi. Amabanga angaphakathi ayafiseleka ngoba izimo zokuhlola zingalawulwa ngokuqinile kakhulu kunalezo zobubanzi bangaphandle. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukuma ngokumangelengele, okwenza lawa makamelo athakazelise ukuwabona. Izimo zikanxantathu ezimangelengele ziklanywe ngendlela yokuthi lokho okuvela kubo kujwayele ukusakazeka ezindaweni ezingahleliwe, futhi lokho okuhlanganiswe ndawonye kusuka kukho konke ukuboniswa okungahleliwe kuvame ukwengeza ngokungahambisani futhi ngaleyo ndlela kucindezelwe ngokuqhubekayo. Isithombe segumbi le-anechoic sikhonjiswe esithombeni esilandelayo, kanye nezinye izinto zokuhlola:
(Isithombe sibonisa ukuhlolwa kwe-antenna ye-RFMISO)
I-drawback emakamelweni e-anechoic ukuthi ngokuvamile adinga ukuba makhulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile izimpondo zidinga ukuqhelelana ngamaza amaningana ukuze zilingise izimo zasensimini ekude. Ngakho-ke, kumaza aphansi anamaza amaza amakhulu sidinga amakamelo amakhulu kakhulu, kodwa izindleko nezingqinamba ezingokoqobo ngokuvamile zikhawulela usayizi wawo. Ezinye izinkampani zenkontileka yezokuvikela ezikala i-Radar Cross Section yezindiza ezinkulu noma ezinye izinto zaziwa ngokuthi zinamagumbi ane-anechoic alingana nezinkundla zebasketball, nakuba lokhu kungejwayelekile. Amanyuvesi anamagumbi ane-anechoic ngokuvamile anamagumbi angamamitha angama-3-5 ubude, ububanzi nokuphakama. Ngenxa yomkhawulo kasayizi, futhi ngenxa yokuthi izinto ezimunca i-RF ngokuvamile zisebenza kangcono ku-UHF nangaphezulu, amakamelo ane-anechoic avame ukusetshenziselwa amaza angaphezu kuka-300 MHz.
Amabanga Aphakeme
Ububanzi obuphakanyisiwe ububanzi bangaphandle. Kulokhu kusetha, umthombo kanye ne-antenna ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kukhwezwa ngaphezu komhlabathi. Lawa ma-antenna angaba sezintabeni, emibhoshongweni, ezakhiweni, nanoma yikuphi lapho umuntu ethola ukuthi kufanelekile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kuma-antenna amakhulu kakhulu noma kumaza aphansi (VHF nangaphansi, <100 MHz) lapho izilinganiso zasendlini zingeke zithinteke khona. Umdwebo oyisisekelo wobubanzi obuphakeme uboniswa kuMfanekiso 2.
Umfanekiso 2. Umfanekiso wobubanzi obuphakeme.
I-antenna yomthombo (noma i-antenna yereferensi) ayikho ngempela endaweni ephakeme kunothi lokuhlola, ngisanda kuyibonisa kanjalo lapha. Umugqa wokubona (LOS) phakathi kwezimpondo ezimbili (okuboniswa umsebe omnyama kuMfanekiso 2) kufanele ungavinjwa. Konke okunye ukuboniswa (okufana nomsebe obomvu ovela phansi) akufuneki. Kumabanga aphakeme, uma umthombo nendawo yokuhlola sekunqunyiwe, opharetha bokuhlola babe sebenquma ukuthi ukuboniswa okubalulekile kuzokwenzeka kuphi, futhi bazame ukunciphisa ukuboniswa okuvela kulezi zindawo. Ngokuvamile i-rf absorbing material isetshenziselwa le njongo, noma enye into ephambukisa imisebe kude nothi lokuhlola.
I-Compact Ranges
I-antenna yomthombo kufanele ibekwe endaweni ekude yothi lokuhlola. Isizathu siwukuthi igagasi elitholwe i-antenna yokuhlola kufanele libe igagasi lendiza ngokunemba okuphezulu. Njengoba izimpondo zikhipha amagagasi ayindilinga, uthi ludinga ukuba kude ngokwanele ukuze igagasi eliphuma kumthombo licishe libe igagasi lendiza - bheka uMdwebo 3.
Umfanekiso 3. I-antenna yomthombo ikhipha igagasi nge-wavefront eyindilinga.
Kodwa-ke, emakamelweni angaphakathi ngokuvamile akukho ukuhlukana okwanele ukufeza lokhu. Enye indlela yokulungisa le nkinga ngokusebenzisa ububanzi obuhlangene. Ngale ndlela, i-antenna yomthombo iqondiswe kusibonisi, umumo waso oklanyelwe ukukhombisa igagasi eliyindilinga ngendlela ecishe ibe ipulani. Lokhu kufana kakhulu nesimiso lapho kusebenza khona uthi lwesitsha. Umsebenzi oyisisekelo uboniswa kuMfanekiso 4.
Umfanekiso 4. I-Compact Range - amagagasi ayindilinga asuka ku-antenna yomthombo aboniswa njenge-planar (ahlanganiswe).
Ubude besibonisi se-parabolic ngokuvamile bufiswa ukuba buphindwe kaningana njengothi lokuhlola. I-antenna yomthombo kuMfanekiso 4 isusiwe kusibonisi ukuze ingabi endleleni yemisebe ebonisiwe. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuze kugcinwe noma yimiphi imisebe eqondile (ukuhlanganisana) ukusuka othini lomthombo kuye othini lokuhlola.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-03-2024
