1. Isingeniso kuma-Antenna
I-antenna iyisakhiwo sokushintsha phakathi kwesikhala esikhululekile nomugqa wokudlulisela, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Umugqa wokudlulisela ungaba ngesimo somugqa we-coaxial noma ithubhu elingenalutho (i-waveguide), elisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla kagesi kusuka emthonjeni kuya ku-antenna, noma kusuka ku-antenna kuya kumukeli. Eyokuqala iyi-antenna edlulisa, kanti eyesibili iyi-receiveri-antenna.
Umfanekiso 1 Indlela yokudlulisela amandla kagesi
Ukudluliswa kohlelo lwe-antenna kwimodi yokudlulisa yeSithombe 1 kumelelwa yi-Thevenin equivalent njengoba kuboniswe kuSithombe 2, lapho umthombo umelelwa yijeneretha yesignali efanelekile, umugqa wokudlulisa umelelwa umugqa one-impedance ephawulekayo i-Zc, kanti i-antenna imelelwa yi-load ZA [ZA = (RL + Rr) + jXA]. Ukumelana nomthwalo i-RL imele ukuhanjiswa kanye nokulahlekelwa yi-dielectric okuhlobene nesakhiwo se-antenna, kuyilapho i-Rr imele ukumelana nemisebe ye-antenna, kanti i-reactance XA isetshenziselwa ukumela ingxenye ecatshangwayo ye-impedance ehlotshaniswa nemisebe ye-antenna. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, wonke amandla akhiqizwa umthombo wesignali kufanele adluliselwe ku-resistance yemisebe i-Rr, esetshenziselwa ukumela amandla emisebe ye-antenna. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, kukhona ukulahlekelwa kwe-conductor-dielectric ngenxa yezici zomugqa wokudlulisa kanye ne-antenna, kanye nokulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukubonakaliswa (ukungalingani) phakathi komugqa wokudlulisa kanye ne-antenna. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuvinjelwa kwangaphakathi komthombo kanye nokunganaki umugqa wokudlulisela kanye nokulahlekelwa kokukhanya (ukungalingani), amandla aphezulu anikezwa i-antenna ngaphansi kokuhambisana kwe-conjugate.
Umfanekiso 2
Ngenxa yokungafani phakathi komugqa wokudlulisela kanye ne-antenna, igagasi elibonakalayo elivela esibonakalayo libekwe ngaphezulu kwegagasi lesigameko elivela emthonjeni liye kwi-antenna ukuze kwakheke igagasi elimile, elimelela ukuhlushwa kwamandla kanye nokugcinwa futhi liyidivayisi ejwayelekile yokuzwana. Iphethini ejwayelekile yamagagasi amile iboniswa umugqa onamachashazi kuMfanekiso 2. Uma uhlelo lwe-antenna lungaklanywanga kahle, umugqa wokudlulisela ungasebenza kakhulu njengesici sokugcina amandla kunokuba yidivayisi yokuqondisa amagagasi kanye nokudlulisa amandla.
Ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa umugqa wokudlulisela, i-antenna kanye namagagasi amile akufiseleki. Ukulahlekelwa komugqa kungancishiswa ngokukhetha imigqa yokudlulisela elahlekelwa kancane, kuyilapho ukulahlekelwa kwe-antenna kungancishiswa ngokunciphisa ukumelana nokulahlekelwa okumelelwe yi-RL kuMfanekiso 2. Amagagasi amile angancishiswa futhi isitoreji samandla emgqeni singancishiswa ngokufanisa ukuvimba kwe-antenna (umthwalo) nokuvimba okuphawulekayo komugqa.
Ezinhlelweni ezingenantambo, ngaphezu kokwamukela noma ukudlulisa amandla, ama-antenna ngokuvamile ayadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla akhishwayo ngezindlela ezithile futhi kucindezelwe amandla akhishwayo kwezinye izindlela. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwamadivayisi okuthola, ama-antenna kumele futhi asetshenziswe njengamadivayisi aqondiswayo. Ama-antenna angaba ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile. Kungaba ucingo, imbobo, i-patch, i-element assembly (array), i-reflector, ilensi, njll.
Ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezingenantambo, ama-antenna angenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukwakheka okuhle kwama-antenna kunganciphisa izidingo zesistimu futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu iyonke. Isibonelo esivamile yithelevishini, lapho ukwamukelwa kokusakaza kungathuthukiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-antenna asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ama-antenna ayizinhlelo zokuxhumana lokho amehlo akuko kubantu.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwe-Antenna
I-antenna yempondo iyi-antenna ehleliwe, i-antenna ye-microwave ene-cross-section eyindilinga noma engunxande evuleka kancane kancane ekugcineni kwe-waveguide. Luhlobo lwe-antenna ye-microwave olusetshenziswa kakhulu. Insimu yayo yemisebe inqunywa ngobukhulu bomgodi wempondo kanye nohlobo lokusabalala. Phakathi kwazo, ithonya lodonga lwempondo emisebeni lingabalwa kusetshenziswa isimiso se-geometric diffraction. Uma ubude bempondo buhlala bungashintshi, usayizi wempondo kanye nomehluko wesigaba se-quadratic kuzokhula ngokwanda kwe-engeli yokuvula impondo, kodwa inzuzo ngeke ishintshe ngosayizi wempondo. Uma ibhendi yemvamisa yempondo idinga ukukhuliswa, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa entanyeni kanye nokuvulwa kwempondo; ukubonakaliswa kuzoncipha njengoba usayizi wempondo ukhula. Isakhiwo se-antenna yempondo silula kakhulu, futhi iphethini yemisebe nayo ilula kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyilawula. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-antenna ephakathi nendawo. Ama-antenna empondo abonisa ukubonakaliswa kwe-parabolic ane-bandwidth ebanzi, ama-lobes aphansi ohlangothini kanye nokusebenza kahle kakhulu avame ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni nge-microwave relay.
RM-DCPHA105145-20(10.5-14.5GHz)
RM-BDHA1850-20(18-50GHz)
RM-SGHA430-10(1.70-2.60GHz)
2. I-antenna ye-Microstrip
Isakhiwo se-antenna ye-microstrip ngokuvamile sakhiwe yi-substrate ye-dielectric, i-radiator kanye ne-ground plane. Ubukhulu be-substrate ye-dielectric buncane kakhulu kunobude be-wavelength. Ingqimba encane yensimbi engezansi kwe-substrate ixhunywe ne-ground plane, kanti ingqimba encane yensimbi enesimo esithile yenziwa ngaphambili ngenqubo ye-photolithography njenge-radiator. Isimo se-radiator singashintshwa ngezindlela eziningi ngokuya ngezidingo.
Ukwanda kobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganiswa kwe-microwave kanye nezinqubo ezintsha zokukhiqiza kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwama-antenna e-microstrip. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-antenna endabuko, ama-antenna e-microstrip awagcini nje ngokuba mancane ngobukhulu, alula ngesisindo, aphansi ngephrofayili, kulula ukuwavumelanisa, kodwa futhi kulula ukuwahlanganisa, aphansi ngezindleko, afanele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, futhi anezinzuzo zezakhiwo zikagesi ezahlukahlukene.
RM-I-MA424435-22(4.25-4.35GHz)
RM-MA25527-22(25.5-27GHz)
3. I-antenna yesikhala se-Waveguide
I-antenna yesikhala se-waveguide iyi-antenna esebenzisa izikhala esakhiweni se-waveguide ukuze ithole imisebe. Ngokuvamile iqukethe amapuleti amabili ensimbi ahambisanayo akha i-waveguide enesikhala esincane phakathi kwamapuleti amabili. Lapho amagagasi kagesi edlula esikhaleni se-waveguide, kuzovela isenzakalo sokuzwakala kwe-resonance, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize insimu enamandla kagesi eduze kwesikhala ukuze ithole imisebe. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, i-antenna yesikhala se-waveguide ingafinyelela i-broadband kanye nemisebe esebenza kahle kakhulu, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-radar, ezokuxhumana, ezinzwa ezingenantambo nakwezinye izinkambu kuma-microwave nama-millimeter wave bands. Izinzuzo zayo zifaka phakathi ukusebenza kahle kwemisebe ephezulu, izici ze-broadband kanye nekhono elihle lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, ngakho-ke iyathandwa onjiniyela nabacwaningi.
RM-PA7087-43（71-86GHz）
RM-I-PA1075145-32 (10.75-14.5GHz)
RM-SWA910-22(9-10GHz)
4. I-Antena Yezinhlangothi Ezimbili
I-Biconical Antenna iyi-antenna ye-broadband enesakhiwo se-biconical, esibonakala ngokuphendula imvamisa ebanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe ephezulu. Izingxenye ezimbili ze-conical ze-antenna ye-biconical ziyalingana. Ngalesi sakhiwo, imisebe ephumelelayo ebhendini yemvamisa ebanzi ingafinyelelwa. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa emikhakheni efana nokuhlaziywa kwe-spectrum, ukulinganiswa kwemisebe kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-EMC (ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic). Inezici ezinhle zokufanisa i-impedance kanye nemisebe futhi ifanele izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezidinga ukumboza amaza amaningi.
I-RM-BCA2428-4(24-28GHz）
RM-BCA218-4 （2-18GHz)
I-antenna ejikelezayo iyi-antenna ye-broadband enesakhiwo esijikelezayo, esibonakala ngokuphendula okubanzi kwemvamisa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe ephezulu. I-antenna ejikelezayo ifinyelela ukuhlukahluka kwe-polarization kanye nezici zemisebe ye-wide-band ngesakhiwo sama-spiral coils, futhi ifaneleka ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ze-radar, satellite kanye ne-wireless.
RM-I-PSA0756-3(0.75-6GHz)
RM-I-PSA218-2R(2-18GHz)
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-14-2024
