Izindaba - Ukubuyekezwa kwama-antenna omugqa wokudlulisela ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo (Ingxenye 2)

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MTM-TL kuzinhlelo ze-Antenna
Lesi sigaba sizogxila kuma-TL okwenziwa ngezinto zokwakha kanye nezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza zawo ezivame kakhulu nezifanele zokufeza izakhiwo ezahlukene ze-antenna ngezindleko eziphansi, ukukhiqizwa okulula, ukwenziwa okuncane, i-bandwidth ebanzi, inzuzo ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle, ikhono lokuskena ububanzi kanye nephrofayili ephansi. Kuxoxwa ngazo ngezansi.

1. Ama-antenna e-Broadband nama-frequency amaningi
Ku-TL ejwayelekile enobude obungu-l, lapho kunikezwa imvamisa ye-angular ω0, ubude kagesi (noma isigaba) somugqa wokudlulisela bungabalwa kanje:

Lapho i-vp imelela ijubane lesigaba somugqa wokudlulisa. Njengoba kungabonakala ngenhla, i-bandwidth ihambisana kakhulu nokubambezeleka kweqembu, okuyi-derivative ye-φ maqondana nemvamisa. Ngakho-ke, njengoba ubude bomugqa wokudlulisa buba bufushane, i-bandwidth nayo iba banzi. Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona ubudlelwano obuphambene phakathi kwe-bandwidth kanye nesigaba esiyisisekelo somugqa wokudlulisa, esiqondene nomklamo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kumasekethe asatshalaliswa ngokwendabuko, i-bandwidth yokusebenza akulula ukuyilawula. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukulinganiselwa kwemigqa yokudlulisa yendabuko ngokwezinga lenkululeko. Kodwa-ke, izinto zokulayisha zivumela amapharamitha engeziwe ukuthi asetshenziswe kuma-TL e-metaterial, futhi impendulo yesigaba ingalawulwa ngezinga elithile. Ukuze kwandiswe i-bandwidth, kuyadingeka ukuba nokwehla okufanayo eduze kwemvamisa yokusebenza yezimpawu zokusabalala. I-TL ye-metaterial yokwenziwa ingafinyelela lo mgomo. Ngokusekelwe kule ndlela, izindlela eziningi zokuthuthukisa i-bandwidth yama-antenna ziphakanyisiwe ephepheni. Izazi ziklame futhi zakha ama-antenna amabili e-broadband alayishwe ama-resonator endandatho ehlukanisiwe (bheka Umfanekiso 7). Imiphumela eboniswe kuMfanekiso 7 ikhombisa ukuthi ngemva kokulayisha i-split ring resonator nge-conventional monopole antenna, imodi yemvamisa ephansi ye-resonant iyavuselelwa. Usayizi we-split ring resonator wenziwa ngcono ukuze kufezwe i-resonance eseduze neye-monopole antenna. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi lapho ama-resonance amabili ehlangana, izici ze-bandwidth kanye nemisebe ye-antenna ziyanda. Ubude nobubanzi be-monopole antenna kungu-0.25λ0×0.11λ0 kanye no-0.25λ0×0.21λ0 (4GHz), ngokulandelana, kanti ubude nobubanzi be-monopole antenna elayishwe nge-split ring resonator kungu-0.29λ0×0.21λ0 (2.9GHz), ngokulandelana. Kwi-antenna evamile enobunjwa be-F kanye ne-T-shaped antenna engena-split ring resonator, inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe okulinganiswe kubhendi ye-5GHz ngu-3.6dBi - 78.5% kanye no-3.9dBi - 80.2%, ngokulandelana. Ku-antenna elayishwe nge-resonator yendandatho ehlukanisiwe, lawa mapharamitha angu-4dBi - 81.2% kanye no-4.4dBi - 83%, ngokulandelana, ebhendini le-6GHz. Ngokusebenzisa i-resonator yendandatho ehlukanisiwe njengomthwalo ohambisanayo ku-antenna ye-monopole, amabhendi angu-2.9GHz ~ 6.41GHz kanye no-2.6GHz ~ 6.6GHz angasekelwa, ahambisana nama-bandwidth angama-fractional angu-75.4% kanye no-~87%, ngokulandelana. Le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-bandwidth yokulinganisa ithuthukisiwe cishe izikhathi ezingu-2.4 kanye nezikhathi ezingu-2.11 uma kuqhathaniswa nama-antenna e-monopole avamile anosayizi olinganiselwe.

Umfanekiso 7. Ama-antenna amabili e-broadband agcwele ama-resonator ahlukanisayo.

Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 8, imiphumela yokuhlola ye-antenna ye-monopole eprintiwe ehlanganisiwe iyaboniswa. Uma i-S11≤-10 dB, i-bandwidth yokusebenza ingu-185% (0.115-2.90 GHz), kanye naku-1.45 GHz, inzuzo ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe kungu-2.35 dBi kanye no-78.8%, ngokulandelana. Ukwakheka kwe-antenna kufana nesakhiwo seshidi elingunxantathu elingemuva, eliphakelwa yisihlukanisi samandla esigobile. I-GND enqunyiwe iqukethe i-stub ephakathi ebekwe ngaphansi kwe-feeder, futhi amasongo amane avulekile azwakalayo asatshalaliswa kuyo, okwandisa i-bandwidth ye-antenna. I-antenna ikhipha cishe yonke indawo, imboze iningi lama-band e-VHF kanye ne-S, kanye nawo wonke ama-band e-UHF kanye ne-L. Usayizi ongokoqobo we-antenna ungu-48.32×43.72×0.8 mm3, kanti usayizi kagesi ungu-0.235λ0×0.211λ0×0.003λ0. Inezinzuzo zobukhulu obuncane kanye nezindleko eziphansi, futhi inamathuba okusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezingenantambo ze-broadband.

Umfanekiso 8: I-antenna ye-monopole egcwele i-resonator yendandatho ehlukanisiwe.

Isithombe 9 sibonisa isakhiwo se-antenna esihleliwe esakhiwe ngamabhangqa amabili ezintambo ze-meander ezixhunyiwe ezisekelwe endizeni yomhlabathi emfushane enomumo we-T ngokusebenzisa ama-via amabili. Usayizi we-antenna ungama-38.5×36.6 mm2 (0.070λ0×0.067λ0), lapho i-λ0 ingubude besikhathi obukhululekile be-0.55 GHz. I-antenna ikhipha ukukhanya okuqondile ku-E-plane kubhendi yemvamisa yokusebenza engu-0.55 ~ 3.85 GHz, ngenzuzo ephezulu engu-5.5dBi ku-2.35GHz kanye nokusebenza kahle okungu-90.1%. Lezi zici zenza i-antenna ehlongozwayo ifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-UHF RFID, i-GSM 900, i-GPS, i-KPCS, i-DCS, i-IMT-2000, i-WiMAX, i-WiFi kanye ne-Bluetooth.

Isithombe 9 Isakhiwo se-antenna esihlongozwayo.

2. I-Antenna Yamagagasi Avuzayo (LWA)
I-antenna entsha ye-wave evuzayo ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zokufeza i-TL yokwenziwa. Kuma-antenna e-wave evuzayo, umphumela we-phase constant β ku-engeli yemisebe (θm) kanye nobubanzi obukhulu bomsebe (Δθ) umi kanje:

U-L ubude be-antenna, u-k0 inombolo yamagagasi esikhaleni esikhululekile, kanti u-λ0 ubude begagasi esikhaleni esikhululekile. Qaphela ukuthi imisebe yenzeka kuphela uma |β|

3. I-antenna ye-resonator ye-Zero-oda
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-CRLH metamaterial ukuthi i-β ingaba ngu-0 uma imvamisa ingalingani no-zero. Ngokusekelwe kulesi sici, i-resonator entsha ye-zero-order (ZOR) ingakhiqizwa. Uma i-β ingu-zero, akukho ukushintsha kwesigaba okwenzekayo kuyo yonke i-resonator. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-phase shift constant φ = - βd = 0. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-resonance incike kuphela kumthwalo osabelayo futhi ayincikile kubude besakhiwo. Isibalo 10 sibonisa ukuthi i-antenna ehlongozwayo yenziwe ngokusebenzisa amayunithi amabili namathathu ngesimo se-E, futhi usayizi ophelele ungu-0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 kanye no-0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001λ0, ngokulandelana, lapho i-λ0 imelela ubude be-wavelength yesikhala samahhala kuma-frequency okusebenza angu-500 MHz kanye no-650 MHz, ngokulandelana. I-antenna isebenza ngamaza omsindo angu-0.5-1.35 GHz (0.85 GHz) kanye no-0.65-1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), kanye nama-bandwidth ahlobene angu-91.9% kanye no-96.0%. Ngaphezu kwezici zobukhulu obuncane kanye ne-bandwidth ebanzi, inzuzo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwama-antenna okuqala nawesibili yi-5.3dBi kanye no-85% (1GHz) kanye no-5.7dBi kanye no-90% (1.4GHz), ngokulandelana.

Isithombe 10 Izakhiwo ze-antenna eziphakanyisiwe ze-double-E kanye ne-triple-E.

4. I-Antena yesikhala
Kuye kwaphakanyiswa indlela elula yokwandisa imbobo ye-antenna ye-CRLH-MTM, kodwa usayizi wayo we-antenna awushintshile. Njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 11, i-antenna ifaka amayunithi e-CRLH abekwe phezulu komunye nomunye, aqukethe ama-patches kanye nemigqa ejikelezayo, futhi kukhona isikhala esimise okwe-S ku-patch. I-antenna iphakelwa yi-stub ehambisana ne-CPW, futhi usayizi wayo ungu-17.5 mm × 32.15 mm × 1.6 mm, okuhambisana no-0.204λ0×0.375λ0×0.018λ0, lapho i-λ0 (3.5GHz) imelela ubude besikhathi besikhala esikhululekile. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-antenna isebenza kubhendi yemvamisa engu-0.85-7.90GHz, kanti i-bandwidth yayo yokusebenza ingu-161.14%. Ukwanda okukhulu kwemisebe kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuvela ku-3.5GHz, okungu-5.12dBi kanye no-~80%, ngokulandelana.