Izindaba - Ukubuyekezwa kwama-antenna olayini wokudlulisa okusekelwe ku-metamatadium (Ingxenye 2)

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MTM-TL kuma-Antenna Systems
Lesi sigaba sizogxila kuma-TL okwenziwa kwe-metamaterial kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu nezifanelekile zokubona izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ze-antenna ezinezindleko eziphansi, ukukhiqiza okulula, i-miniaturization, umkhawulokudonsa obanzi, ukuzuza okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle, amandla okuskena ububanzi obubanzi kanye nephrofayili ephansi. Zixoxwa ngezansi.

1. Ama-antenna e-Broadband nama-multi-frequency
Ku-TL evamile enobude obungu-l, lapho i-angular frequency ω0 inikezwa, ubude (noma isigaba) sikagesi somugqa wokudlulisela singabalwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Lapho i-vp imele isivinini sesigaba solayini wokudlulisela. Njengoba kungabonwa kulokhu okungenhla, umkhawulokudonsa uhambisana eduze nokulibaziseka kweqembu, okuphuma ku-φ ngokuphathelene nemvamisa. Ngakho-ke, njengoba ubude bomugqa wokudlulisela buba bufushane, i-bandwidth nayo iba banzi. Ngamanye amazwi, kunobudlelwano obuphambene phakathi komkhawulokudonsa kanye nesigaba esiyisisekelo solayini wokudlulisa, okuqondene nomklamo othile. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi emijikelezweni evamile esabalalisiwe, i-bandwidth yokusebenza akulula ukuyilawula. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe ukulinganiselwa kwezintambo zikagesi zendabuko ngokwamazinga enkululeko. Kodwa-ke, izinto zokulayisha zivumela amapharamitha engeziwe ukuthi asetshenziswe kuma-metamaterial TL, futhi impendulo yesigaba ingalawulwa ngokwezinga elithile. Ukuze ukwandise umkhawulokudonsa, kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nomthambeka ofanayo eduze nemvamisa yokusebenza yezimpawu zokusabalalisa. I-TL ye-metaterial yokwenziwa ingafinyelela lo mgomo. Ngokusekelwe kule ndlela, izindlela eziningi zokuthuthukisa umkhawulokudonsa wama-antenna zihlongozwa ephepheni. Izazi ziklame futhi zenza izimpondo ezimbili ze-broadband ezilayishwe ama-resonators eringi ahlukene (bona uMdwebo 7). Imiphumela eboniswe kuMfanekiso 7 ibonisa ukuthi ngemva kokulayisha i-resonator yeringi ehlukanisiwe ne-antenna evamile ye-monopole, imodi yefrikhwensi ezwakalayo ephansi iyajabula. Usayizi weringi yokuhlukanisa i-resonator uthuthukiswa ukuze kutholwe ukuzwakala kwe-resonance eseduze naleyo ye-monopole antenna. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi lapho ama-resonances amabili ehlangana, izici zomkhawulokudonsa kanye nemisebe ye-antenna ziyanda. Ubude nobubanzi be-antenna ye-monopole ngu-0.25λ0×0.11λ0 kanye no-0.25λ0×0.21λ0 (4GHz), ngokulandelana, nobude nobubanzi be-antenna ye-monopole elayishwe i-resonator yokuhlukanisa indandatho ingu-0.29λ0×0.21λ0 (2.9GHz) ), ngokulandelana. Ku-antenna evamile emise okwe-F kanye ne-antenna emise okwe-T ngaphandle kwe-resonator yendandatho ehlukanisiwe, inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe okukalwa ebhendini ye-5GHz kungu-3.6dBi - 78.5% kanye no-3.9dBi - 80.2%, ngokulandelana. Ku-antenna elayishwe i-resonator yokuhlukanisa indandatho, lawa mapharamitha angu-4dBi - 81.2% kanye no-4.4dBi - 83%, ngokulandelana, ebhendi ye-6GHz. Ngokusebenzisa i-resonator yokuhlukanisa indandatho njengomthwalo ofanayo ku-antenna ye-monopole, amabhendi we-2.9GHz ~ 6.41GHz kanye no-2.6GHz ~ 6.6GHz angasekelwa, ahambisane nama-bandwidth amafractional angu-75.4% kanye no-~87% ngokulandelanayo. Le miphumela ibonisa ukuthi umkhawulokudonsa wokulinganisa uthuthukiswa cishe izikhathi ezingu-2.4 kanye nezikhathi ezingu-2.11 uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpondo ze-monopole zendabuko cishe ezinosayizi ongaguquki.

Umfanekiso 7. Ama-antenna amabili e-broadband alayishwe ama-split-ring resonators.

Njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 8, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ye-monopole antenna ephrintiwe ehlanganisiwe iyaboniswa. Uma i-S11≤- 10 dB, umkhawulokudonsa osebenzayo ungu-185% (0.115-2.90 GHz), futhi ku-1.45 GHz, inzuzo ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebe kungu-2.35 dBi kanye no-78.8%, ngokulandelana. Isakhiwo se-antenna siyefana nesakhiwo seshidi elingunxantathu elibuyela emuva, eliphakelwa isihlukanisi samandla e-curvilinear. I-GND encishisiwe iqukethe i-stub emaphakathi ebekwe ngaphansi kwesiphakeli, futhi amaringithoni amane avulekile asakazwa kuyo, okwenza banzi umkhawulokudonsa we-antenna. I-antenna ikhanya cishe yonke indawo, imboza iningi lamabhendi e-VHF ne-S, kanye nawo wonke amabhendi e-UHF kanye ne-L. Usayizi womzimba we-antenna ngu-48.32×43.72×0.8 mm3, kanti usayizi kagesi ngu-0.235λ0×0.211λ0×0.003λ0. Inezinzuzo zobukhulu obuncane kanye nezindleko eziphansi, futhi inamathuba okufaka isicelo ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezingenantambo ze-broadband.

Umfanekiso 8: I-antenna ye-Monopole elayishwe i-resonator eyindandatho ehlukanisiwe.

Umfanekiso 9 ubonisa uhlaka lwe-antenna oluyipulani oluhlanganisa amapheya amabili amaluphu entambo axhumene axhunywe phansi endizeni yaphansi emise okuka-T encishisiwe ngokusebenzisa ama-vias amabili. Usayizi we-antenna ngu-38.5×36.6 mm2 (0.070λ0×0.067λ0), lapho u-λ0 kuwubude besikhala besikhala samahhala esingu-0.55 GHz. I-antenna ikhipha yonke indawo ku-E-plane kubhendi yefrikhwensi yokusebenza engu-0.55 ~ 3.85 GHz, ngenzuzo enkulu engu-5.5dBi ku-2.35GHz kanye nokusebenza kahle okungu-90.1%. Lezi zici zenza i-antenna ehlongozwayo ifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-UHF RFID, GSM 900, GPS, KPCS, DCS, IMT-2000, WiMAX, WiFi ne-Bluetooth.

Umfanekiso 9 Isakhiwo se-antenna ehlongozwayo.

2. I-Leaky Wave Antenna (LWA)
I-antenna entsha evuzayo ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zokubona i-TL ye-metamaterial yokwenziwa. Kuma-antenna amagagasi avuzayo, umthelela wesigaba esingaguquki esingu-β ku-engeli yemisebe (θm) kanye nobubanzi be-beam obukhulu (Δθ) bumi kanje:

L ubude be-antenna, u-k0 uyinombolo yegagasi esikhaleni esikhululekile, futhi u-λ0 ubude begagasi esikhaleni esikhululekile. Qaphela ukuthi imisebe ivela kuphela uma |β|

3. I-antenna ye-resonator ye-oda elinguziro
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-metamaterial ye-CRLH ukuthi u-β angaba ngu-0 uma ifrikhwensi ingalingani noziro. Ngokusekelwe kulesi sakhiwo, i-resonator entsha ye-oda elinguziro (ZOR) ingakhiqizwa. Uma u-β enguziro, akukho ukushintsha kwesigaba okwenzeka kuso sonke i-resonator. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukushintshwa kwesigaba okuqhubekayo φ = - βd = 0. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-resonance incike kuphela emthwalweni osebenzayo futhi izimele ngobude besakhiwo. Umfanekiso 10 ubonisa ukuthi i-antenna ehlongozwayo yakhiwe ngokusebenzisa amayunithi amabili nantathu anomumo we-E, futhi usayizi ophelele ngu-0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 no-0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001 × 0.001 λ0, ngokulandelana, i-λ0, ngokulandelana indawo ekhululekile ekusebenzeni amafrikhwensi 500 MHz futhi 650 MHz, ngokulandelana. I-antenna isebenza kumafrikhwensi angu-0.5-1.35 GHz (0.85 GHz) kanye no-0.65-1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), nama-bandwidth ahlobene angu-91.9% no-96.0%. Ngaphezu kwezici zobukhulu obuncane kanye nomkhawulokudonsa obanzi, ukuzuza nokusebenza kahle kwezimpondo zokuqala nezesibili yi-5.3dBi kanye ne-85% (1GHz) kanye ne-5.7dBi kanye ne-90% (1.4GHz), ngokulandelanayo.

Umfanekiso 10 Izakhiwo ezihlongozwayo ze-antenna e-double-E kanye ne-triple-E.

4. Slot Antenna
Kuphakanyiswe indlela elula yokwandisa indawo yokuvula i-CRLH-MTM, kodwa usayizi wayo we-antenna cishe awushintshile. Njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 11, uthi luhlanganisa amayunithi e-CRLH apakishwe aqonde kwelinye, aqukethe amapheshana nemigqa eqondile, futhi kunesikhala esimise okuka-S esichibini. I-antenna iphakelwa i-CPW stub efanayo, futhi ubukhulu bayo buyi-17.5 mm × 32.15 mm × 1.6 mm, obuhambisana no-0.204λ0×0.375λ0×0.018λ0, lapho u-λ0 (3.5GHz) umele ubude begagasi besikhala esikhululekile. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-antenna isebenza ku-band frequency ye-0.85-7.90GHz, futhi i-bandwidth yayo yokusebenza yi-161.14%. Ukuzuza okuphezulu kwemisebe nokusebenza kahle kwe-antenna kuvela ku-3.5GHz, okungu-5.12dBi kanye no-~80% ngokulandelanayo.