I-Antenna-Rectifier Co-design
Isici sama-rectenna alandela i-EG topology ku-Figure 2 ukuthi i-antenna ifaniswe ngokuqondile nesilungisi, kunezinga elingu-50Ω, elidinga ukuncishiswa noma ukususa isekethe efanayo ukuze kunikwe amandla isilungisi. Lesi sigaba sibuyekeza izinzuzo zamarectenna e-SoA anama-non-50Ω antenna namarectenna ngaphandle kwamanethiwekhi afanayo.
1. Izimpondo Ezincane Ngogesi
I-LC resonant ring antenna isetshenziswe kabanzi ezinhlelweni lapho usayizi wesistimu ubalulekile. Kumafrikhwensi angaphansi kuka-1 GHz, ubude begagasi bungase bubangele ukuthi izimpondo zesici esabalalisiwe zithathe isikhala esiningi kunosayizi wayo wonke wesistimu, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nama-transceiver ahlanganiswe ngokugcwele okufakelwa komzimba azuza ikakhulukazi ekusebenziseni izimpondo ezincane ezisebenza ngogesi ze-WPT.
I-impedance ephezulu ye-inductive ye-antenna encane (eduze ne-resonance) ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa ngokuqondile isilungisi noma ngenethiwekhi eyengeziwe yokufanisa ye-on-chip capacitive. Izimpondo ezincane ezisebenza ngogesi zibikwe ku-WPT nge-LP ne-CP ngaphansi kwe-1 GHz kusetshenziswa izimpondo ze-Huygens dipole, ezino-ka=0.645, kuyilapho u-ka=5.91 kuma-dipoles avamile (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Isilungisi se-conjugate antenna
I-impedance evamile yokufaka ye-diode inamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke i-antenna e-inductive iyadingeka ukuze kuzuzwe i-conjugate impedance. Ngenxa ye-capacitive impedance ye-chip, ama-antenna ane-impedance ephezulu asetshenziswe kakhulu kumathegi e-RFID. Ama-antenna e-Dipole asanda kuba umkhuba kuma-antenna e-RFID e-impedance, abonisa ukungezwani okuphezulu (ukumelana nokusabela) eduze nemvamisa yawo yokukhala.
Ama-antenna e-dipole e-inductive asetshenziselwe ukufanisa amandla aphezulu we-rectifier kubhendi yokuthakaselayo. Ku-antenna egoqiwe ye-dipole, umugqa omfushane ophindwe kabili (ukugoqa kwe-dipole) usebenza njenge-impedance transformer, ovumela ukwakheka kwe-antenna ephezulu kakhulu ye-impedance. Okunye, ukuphakela ngokuchema kunesibopho sokukhulisa ukusabela kwe-inductive kanye nokuphazamiseka kwangempela. Ukuhlanganisa izakhi ze-dipole ezichemile nezingalingani ze-bow-tie radial stubs zakha i-antenna ye-broadband ephezulu ye-impedance. Umfanekiso wesi-4 ubonisa ama-conjugate antenna abikiwe.
Umfanekiso 4
Izici zokukhishwa kwemisebe ku-RFEH ne-WPT
Kumodeli ye-Fris, amandla e-PRX atholwe uthilo ebangeni d ukusuka kusidlulisi awumsebenzi oqondile wezinzuzo zomamukeli nesidlulisi (GRX, GTX).
Ukuqondisa kwe-lobe okuyinhloko kwe-antenna kanye ne-polarization kuthinta ngokuqondile inani lamandla aqoqwe kusuka kugagasi lesigameko. Izici zemisebe ye-antenna ziyimingcele eyinhloko ehlukanisa phakathi kwe-ambient RFEH ne-WPT (Umfanekiso 5). Yize kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza indlela yokusabalalisa ingaziwa futhi umphumela wayo kumagagasi owamukelwe udinga ukucatshangelwa, ulwazi lwe-antenna edlulisayo lungasetshenziswa. Ithebula lesi-3 likhomba amapharamitha abalulekile okuxoxwe ngawo kulesi sigaba kanye nokusebenza kwawo ku-RFEH ne-WPT.
Umfanekiso 5
1. Ukuqondisa kanye Nenzuzo
Ezinhlelweni eziningi ze-RFEH ne-WPT, kucatshangwa ukuthi umqoqi akayazi isiqondiso semisebe yesigameko futhi ayikho indlela yomugqa wokubona (LoS). Kulo msebenzi, kuye kwaphenywa imiklamo eminingi ye-antenna nokubekwa ukuze kukhuliswe amandla atholiwe avela emthonjeni ongaziwa, ngaphandle kokuqondanisa kwe-lobe okuyinhloko phakathi komthumeli nomamukeli.
Ama-antenna e-Omnidirectional asetshenziswe kabanzi kumarectenna e-RFEH emvelo. Ezincwadini, i-PSD iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-antenna ikuphi. Kodwa-ke, ukuhluka kwamandla akukachazwa, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi ukuhluka kungenxa yephethini yemisebe ye-antenna noma kungenxa yokungafani kwe-polarization.
Ngokungeziwe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-RFEH, ama-antenna aqondisayo anenzuzo ephezulu kanye nezinhlelo ziye zabikwa kabanzi nge-microwave WPT ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqoqwa kokuqina kwamandla e-RF noma ukunqoba ukulahlekelwa kokusakazeka. I-Yagi-Uda rectenna arrays, i-bowtie arrays, spiral arrays, i-Vivaldi arrays ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile, CPW CP arrays, kanye ne-patch arrays kuphakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-rectenna okukala okungakhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla esigameko ngaphansi kwendawo ethile. Ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuzuza kwe-antenna zifaka ubuchwepheshe be-substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) kuma-microwave nama-millimeter wave bands, aqondene ngqo ne-WPT. Kodwa-ke, ama-rectenna anenzuzo ephezulu abonakala ngama-beamwidths amancane, okwenza ukwamukela amagagasi ezindleleni ezingafanele kungasebenzi kahle. Uphenyo enanini lama-antenna namachweba luphethe ngokuthi ukuqondisa okuphakeme akuhambelani namandla avunwe aphezulu ku-RFEH ezungezile kucatshangwa ukuthi izigameko ezintathu-ntathu ezingenamthetho; lokhu kuqinisekiswe izilinganiso zenkambu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Amalungu afanayo enzuzo ephezulu angakhawulelwa ezinhlelweni ze-WPT.
Ukuze kudluliselwe izinzuzo zezinti ezinenzuzo ephezulu kuma-RFEH angenasizathu, izixazululo zokupakisha noma zesakhiwo zisetshenziselwa ukunqoba inkinga yokuqondisa. I-wristband ye-antenna enezichibi ezimbili ihlongozwa ukuthi ivune amandla kuma-Wi-Fi RFEH akhona ngezindlela ezimbili. Ama-antenna e-ambient RFEH aphinde aklanywe njengamabhokisi e-3D futhi aphrintiwe noma anamathele ezindaweni ezingaphandle ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yesistimu futhi anike amandla ukuvuna izinhlangothi eziningi. Izakhiwo ze-cubic rectenna zibonisa amathuba aphezulu okwamukela amandla kuma-RFEH akhona.
Ukuthuthukiswa komklamo we-antenna ukuze kwandiswe ubude be-beamwidth, okuhlanganisa izici ezisizayo ze-parasitic patch, zenziwe ukuthuthukisa i-WPT ku-2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 amalungu afanayo. Kuphakanyiswe i-antenna ye-6 GHz mesh enezifunda eziningi ze-beam, ekhombisa imishayo eminingi ngembobo ngayinye. Ama-Multi-port, ama-multi-rectifier surface rectennas kanye nezinti zokuvuna amandla ezinamaphethini emisebe ye-omnidirectional kuhlongozwe ku-RFEH enezikhombisi-ndlela eziningi kanye ne-multi-polarized RFEH. Izilungisi eziningi ezinama-matrices aqhakazile kanye nama-antenna anezimbobo eziningi nazo ziphakanyiselwe ukuthola inzuzo ephezulu, ukuvunwa kwamandla amaningi.
Kafushane, nakuba izimpondo ezinenzuzo ephezulu zincanyelwa ukuthuthukisa amandla avunwe ngokuminyana kwe-RF, izamukeli eziqondiswe kakhulu zingase zingabi zinhle ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho isiqondiso somdlulisi singaziwa (isb., i-ambient RFEH noma i-WPT ngamashaneli okusakaza angaziwa). Kulo msebenzi, kuhlongozwa izindlela eziningi zemishayo eminingi ye-WPT ne-RFEH eneziqondiso eziningi.
2. I-Antenna Polarization
I-antenna polarization ichaza ukunyakaza kwe-vector yensimu kagesi ngokuhlobene nendlela yokusabalalisa i-antenna. Ukungafani kwe-polarization kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukudluliswa/ukwamukela phakathi kwezimpondo ngisho nalapho izikhombisi-ndlela ze-lobe eziyinhloko ziqondaniswe. Isibonelo, uma i-antenna ye-LP emile isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa futhi i-LP evundlile isetshenziselwa ukwamukela, awekho amandla azotholwa. Kulesi sigaba, izindlela ezibikiwe zokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokwamukela okungenantambo kanye nokugwema ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kokuhlukanisa ziyabuyekezwa. Isifinyezo se-rectenna architecture ehlongozwayo maqondana ne-polarization sinikezwe kuMfanekiso 6 kanye nesibonelo se-SoA sinikezwe kuThebula lesi-4.
Umfanekiso 6
Kwezokuxhumana kwamaselula, ukuqondanisa komugqa we-polarization phakathi kweziteshi eziyisisekelo nomakhalekhukhwini cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi kufezwe, ngakho-ke izimpondo zesiteshi zesisekelo ziklanyelwe ukuba zibe ne-dual-polarized noma multi-polarized ukugwema ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kokuhlukanisa. Kodwa-ke, ukuhluka kwe-polarization kwamagagasi e-LP ngenxa yemiphumela ye-multipath kusalokhu kuyinkinga engaxazululiwe. Ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni kweziteshi zamaselula ezihlukene, izinti zeselula ze-RFEH ziklanywa njengezimpondo ze-LP.
Ama-CP rectennas asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-WPT ngoba amelana nokungafani. Ama-antenna e-CP ayakwazi ukuthola imisebe ye-CP ngendlela efanayo yokuzungezisa (i-CP kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla) ngaphezu kwawo wonke amaza e-LP ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla. Kunoma ikuphi, i-antenna ye-CP idlulisa futhi uthi lwe-LP luthole ngokulahleka okungu-3 dB (ukulahlekelwa amandla angama-50%). Ama-CP rectennas kubikwa ukuthi afaneleka ku-900 MHz no-2.4 GHz kanye no-5.8 GHz amabhendi ezimboni, ezesayensi, nawezokwelapha kanye namaza amamilimitha. Ku-RFEH yamaza ahlukanisiwe ngokunganaki, ukuhlukahluka kwe-polarization kumelela isisombululo esingaba khona ekulahlekeni kokungafani kokuhlukanisa.
I-polarization egcwele, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-multi-polarization, ihlongozwe ukuze kunqobe ngokuphelele ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kokuhlukaniswa kwe-polarization, okuvumela ukuqoqwa kwawo womabili amagagasi e-CP ne-LP, lapho ama-elementi amabili e-orthogonal LP athola kahle wonke amagagasi e-LP ne-CP. Ukukhombisa lokhu, ama-voltage aqondile navundlile (i-VV ne-VH) ahlala engashintshi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-engeli ye-polarization:
Inkambu kagesi ye-CP electromagnetic wave “E”, lapho amandla eqoqwa kabili (kanye ngeyunithi), ngaleyo ndlela amukele ngokugcwele ingxenye ye-CP futhi anqobe ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kokuhlukanisa okungu-3 dB:
Ekugcineni, ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-DC, amagagasi ezigameko zokuhlukaniswa okungahleliwe angatholwa. Umfanekiso wesi-7 ubonisa i-geometry ye-rectenna embikiwe ngokugcwele.
Umfanekiso 7
Kafushane, ezinhlelweni ze-WPT ezinamandla azinikele, i-CP iyakhethwa ngoba ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-WPT kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-engeli ye-polarization ye-antenna. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekutholweni kwemithombo eminingi, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni ezungezile, ama-antenna ahlukaniswe ngokuphelele angafinyelela ukwamukelwa okuphelele nokuphatheka okuphezulu; Izakhiwo ezinamachweba amaningi/ezilungisa izinto eziningi ziyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe amandla ahlukanisiwe ngokugcwele ku-RF noma ku-DC.
Isifinyezo
Leli phepha libuyekeza inqubekelaphambili yakamuva ekwakhiweni kwe-antenna ye-RFEH ne-WPT, futhi liphakamisa ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kwedizayini ye-antenna ye-RFEH ne-WPT engazange iphakanyiswe ezincwadini zangaphambilini. Izidingo ezintathu eziyisisekelo ze-antenna zokuthola ukusebenza kahle kwe-RF-to-DC zihlonzwe njengezi:
1. Umkhawulokudonsa wokuvimba wokulungisa i-antenna we-RFEH ne-WPT yamabhendi anentshisekelo;
2. Ukuqondanisa kwe-lobe enkulu phakathi kwesidlulisi nesitholi ku-WPT kusuka kokuphakelayo okuzinikele;
3. Ukulinganisa kwe-polarization phakathi kwe-rectenna kanye negagasi lesigameko kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-engeli nendawo.
Ngokusekelwe ku-impedance, ama-rectenna ahlukaniswa abe ama-50Ω kanye nama-conjugate rectenna okulungisa kabusha, ngokugxila ekufanisweni kokuphazamiseka phakathi kwamabhendi ahlukene nemithwalo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwendlela ngayinye yokufanisa.
Izici zemisebe ye-SoA rectennas zibuyekezwe ngokombono wokuqondisa kanye ne-polarization. Izindlela zokuthuthukisa inzuzo ngokwenza i-beamforming kanye nokupakishwa ukuze kunqobe i-beamwidth ewumngcingo kuyaxoxwa ngayo. Okokugcina, ama-CP rectennas e-WPT ayabuyekezwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene ukuze kuzuzwe ukwamukelwa okuzimele kwe-polarization kwe-WPT ne-RFEH.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-16-2024
