Umklamo Ohlanganisiwe we-Antenna-Rectifier
Isici sama-rectenna alandela i-topology ye-EG ku-Figure 2 ukuthi i-antenna ifaniswe ngqo ne-rectifier, kune-standard engu-50Ω, edinga ukunciphisa noma ukususa isekethe yokufanisa ukuze inike amandla i-rectifier. Lesi sigaba sibuyekeza izinzuzo zama-rectenna e-SoA ngama-antenna angewona ama-50Ω nama-rectenna ngaphandle kwamanethiwekhi okufanisa.
1. Ama-Antenna Amancane Kagesi
Ama-antenna endandatho ye-LC resonant asetshenziswe kabanzi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho usayizi wesistimu ubalulekile khona. Kumaza angaphansi kwe-1 GHz, ubude be-wavelength bungabangela ukuthi ama-antenna ajwayelekile asakazwe athathe isikhala esiningi kunosayizi ophelele wesistimu, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nama-transceivers ahlanganiswe ngokugcwele okufakelwa komzimba zizuza kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwama-antenna amancane kagesi e-WPT.
I-impedance ephezulu ye-inductive ye-antenna encane (eseduze kwe-resonance) ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa ngqo i-rectifier noma ngenethiwekhi eyengeziwe yokufanisa i-on-chip capacitive. Ama-antenna amancane kagesi abikwe ku-WPT nge-LP kanye ne-CP ngaphansi kwe-1 GHz kusetshenziswa ama-antenna e-Huygens dipole, ane-ka=0.645, kuyilapho i-ka=5.91 kuma-dipole ajwayelekile (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. I-antenna ehlanganisa i-Rectifier
I-input impedance evamile ye-diode inamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke i-antenna ekhuthazayo iyadingeka ukuze kufezwe i-conjugate impedance. Ngenxa ye-capacitive impedance ye-chip, ama-antenna e-impedance ephezulu asetshenziswa kabanzi kumathegi e-RFID. Ama-antenna e-Dipole muva nje abe ngumkhuba kuma-antenna e-RFID e-impedance ayinkimbinkimbi, abonisa i-impedance ephezulu (ukumelana nokusabela) eduze kwemvamisa yawo ye-resonant.
Ama-antenna e-inductive dipole asetshenziswe ukufanisa amandla aphezulu e-rectifier kubhendi yemvamisa ethandwayo. Ku-antenna ye-dipole egoqiwe, umugqa omfushane ophindwe kabili (i-dipole folding) usebenza njenge-transformer ye-impedance, okuvumela ukwakheka kwe-antenna ye-impedance ephezulu kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukudla kwe-bias kunesibopho sokwandisa i-inductive reactance kanye ne-impedance yangempela. Ukuhlanganisa izakhi ze-dipole eziningi ezihlukanisiwe nama-radial radial stubs angalingani kwakha i-antenna ye-broadband high impedance ephindwe kabili. Isithombe 4 sibonisa amanye ama-antenna abikiwe e-rectifier conjugate.
Umfanekiso 4
Izici zemisebe ku-RFEH kanye ne-WPT
Kumodeli kaFriis, amandla e-PRX atholwa yi-antenna ekude ne-transmitter asebenza ngqo kumamukeli kanye nenzuzo yokudlulisela (GRX, GTX).
Ukuqondiswa kwe-lobe eyinhloko ye-antenna kanye ne-polarization kuthinta ngqo inani lamandla aqoqwe kusuka kugagasi lesigameko. Izici zomsebe we-antenna ziyimingcele ebalulekile ehlukanisa phakathi kwe-RFEH ezungezile kanye ne-WPT (Isithombe 5). Ngenkathi kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza, indlela yokusabalalisa ingase ingaziwa futhi umphumela wayo kugagasi elitholiwe udinga ukucatshangelwa, ulwazi lwe-antenna edlulisa lungasetshenziswa. Ithebula 3 likhomba imingcele ebalulekile okuxoxwe ngayo kulesi sigaba kanye nokusebenza kwayo ku-RFEH kanye ne-WPT.
Umfanekiso 5
1. Ukuqondisa kanye Nokuzuza
Eziningi zezicelo ze-RFEH kanye ne-WPT, kucatshangwa ukuthi umqoqi akayazi indlela yokukhanya kwesigameko futhi akukho ndlela yomugqa wokubona (i-LoS). Kulo msebenzi, kuhlolwe imiklamo eminingi ye-antenna kanye nokubekwa kwayo ukuze kukhuliswe amandla atholiwe avela emthonjeni ongaziwa, ngaphandle kokuqondaniswa kwe-lobe eyinhloko phakathi komthumeli kanye nomemukeli.
Ama-antenna aqondisa yonke indawo asetshenziswe kabanzi kuma-rectenna e-RFEH emvelo. Ezincwadini, i-PSD iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi i-antenna iqondisa kanjani. Kodwa-ke, ukushintsha kwamandla akukachazwa, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi ukushintsha kungenxa yephethini yemisebe ye-antenna noma ngenxa yokungafani kwe-polarization.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-RFEH, ama-antenna aqondisa i-high-gain kanye nama-array kubikwe kabanzi nge-microwave WPT ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa kwamandla aphansi e-RF noma ukunqoba ukulahleka kokusabalala. Ama-array e-Yagi-Uda rectenna, ama-array e-bowtie, ama-array ajikelezayo, ama-array e-Vivaldi ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile, ama-array e-CPW CP, kanye nama-array e-patch aphakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-rectenna okukalayo okungakhulisa ubuningi bamandla esigameko ngaphansi kwendawo ethile. Ezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuzuza kwe-antenna zifaka ubuchwepheshe be-substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) kuma-microwave kanye nama-millimeter wave bands, aqondene ne-WPT. Kodwa-ke, ama-rectenna anamandla aphezulu abonakala ngobubanzi obuncane, okwenza ukwamukelwa kwamagagasi ngezindlela ezingahleliwe kungasebenzi kahle. Uphenyo ngenani lezinto ze-antenna kanye nama-ports luphethe ngokuthi ukuqondisa okuphezulu akuhambelani namandla aphezulu avuniwe ku-RFEH ezungezile uma kucatshangelwa ukwenzeka okungahleliwe okunezinhlangothi ezintathu; lokhu kuqinisekiswe ngokulinganisa kwensimu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ama-array anamandla aphezulu angakhawulelwa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-WPT.
Ukuze kudluliselwe izinzuzo zama-antenna athola inzuzo ephezulu kuma-RFEH angahleliwe, kusetshenziswa izixazululo zokupakisha noma zokwakheka ukuze kunqotshwe inkinga yokuqondisa. Kuphakanyiswa ibhande lesandla le-antenna elinophawu oluphindwe kabili ukuze kuqoqwe amandla avela kuma-RFEH e-Wi-Fi azungezile ngezindlela ezimbili. Ama-antenna e-RFEH eselula azungezile nawo aklanywe njengamabhokisi e-3D futhi aphrintiwe noma anamathele ezindaweni zangaphandle ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yesistimu futhi kuvunyelwe ukuvunwa okunezindlela eziningi. Izakhiwo ze-rectenna ze-Cubic zibonisa amathuba aphezulu okwamukelwa kwamandla kuma-RFEH azungezile.
Ukuthuthukiswa komklamo we-antenna ukwandisa ububanzi be-beamwidth, kufaka phakathi izakhi ze-parasitic patch ezisizayo, kwenziwe ukuthuthukisa i-WPT kuma-array angu-2.4 GHz, angu-4 × 1. I-antenna ye-mesh engu-6 GHz enezindawo eziningi ze-beam nayo yaphakanyiswa, ikhombisa imishayo eminingi nge-port ngayinye. Ama-rectenna angaphezulu e-multi-port, ama-rectenna amaningi kanye nama-antenna okuvuna amandla anamaphethini emisebe e-omnidirectional aphakanyisiwe kuma-RFEH amaningi kanye nama-polarized amaningi. Ama-rectifier amaningi anama-matrices e-beamforming kanye nama-array e-antenna amaningi nawo aphakanyisiwe ekuvuneni kwamandla aphezulu, amaningi.
Ngamafuphi, yize ama-antenna athola i-high-gain ekhethwa ukuthuthukisa amandla avunwe kusuka ekuminyaneni kwe-RF okuphansi, ama-receiver athola i-high-directional angase angabi afanele ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho isiqondiso sokudlulisela singaziwa khona (isb., i-ambient RFEH noma i-WPT ngeziteshi zokusabalalisa ezingaziwa). Kulo msebenzi, kuphakanyiswa izindlela eziningi ze-multi-beam ze-multi-directional high-gain WPT kanye ne-RFEH.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Antena
I-Antenna polarization ichaza ukunyakaza kwe-electric field vector maqondana nesiqondiso sokusabalala kwe-antenna. Ukungafani kwe-polarization kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa/ukwamukelwa phakathi kwama-antenna ngisho nalapho izikhombisi-ndlela ze-lobe eziyinhloko ziqondanisiwe. Isibonelo, uma i-antenna ye-LP eqondile isetshenziswa ukudlulisa futhi i-antenna ye-LP evundlile isetshenziswa ukwamukela, akukho mandla azokwamukelwa. Kulesi sigaba, izindlela ezibikiwe zokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokwamukela okungenantambo nokugwema ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kwe-polarization ziyabuyekezwa. Isifinyezo sokwakheka kwe-rectenna okuhlongozwayo maqondana ne-polarization sinikezwe kuMfanekiso 6 kanye nesibonelo se-SoA sinikezwe kuThebula 4.
Umfanekiso 6
Ekuxhumaneni kwamaselula, ukuvumelanisa kwe-polarization eqondile phakathi kweziteshi zesisekelo kanye namafoni eselula akunakwenzeka ukuthi kufezwe, ngakho-ke ama-antenna esiteshi sesisekelo aklanyelwe ukuba abe ne-dual-polarized noma i-multi-polarized ukuze kugwenywe ukulahlekelwa kokungafani kwe-polarization. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukahluka kwe-polarization kwamagagasi e-LP ngenxa yemiphumela ye-multipath kusalokhu kuyinkinga engaxazululiwe. Ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni kweziteshi zesisekelo zeselula ezine-multi-polarized, ama-antenna eselula e-RFEH aklanywe njengama-antenna e-LP.
Ama-rectenna e-CP asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-WPT ngoba amelana nokungalingani. Ama-antenna e-CP ayakwazi ukuthola imisebe ye-CP ngendlela efanayo yokujikeleza (i-CP yesandla sobunxele noma yesokudla) ngaphezu kwawo wonke amagagasi e-LP ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla. Kunoma ikuphi, i-antenna ye-CP iyadlulisa futhi i-antenna ye-LP ithola ukulahlekelwa okungu-3 dB (ukulahlekelwa amandla okungu-50%). Ama-rectenna e-CP kubikwa ukuthi afanelekela ama-band ezimboni, ezesayensi, kanye nezokwelapha angu-900 MHz kanye no-2.4 GHz kanye no-5.8 GHz kanye namagagasi e-millimeter. Ku-RFEH yamagagasi ahlukaniswe ngokungahleliwe, ukuhlukahluka kwe-polarization kumelela ikhambi elingaba khona lokulahlekelwa okungafani kwe-polarization.
I-polarization ephelele, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-multi-polarization, iphakanyisiwe ukuze kunqotshwe ngokuphelele ukulahleka kokungalingani kwe-polarization, okuvumela ukuqoqwa kwamagagasi e-CP kanye ne-LP, lapho izakhi ezimbili ze-LP ezine-dual-polarized orthogonal zamukela khona ngempumelelo wonke amagagasi e-LP kanye ne-CP. Ukuze kuboniswe lokhu, ama-voltage anetha aqondile navundlile (i-VV kanye ne-VH) ahlala engaguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-engeli ye-polarization injani:
Insimu kagesi ye-CP electromagnetic wave “E”, lapho amandla eqoqwa khona kabili (kanye ngeyunithi ngayinye), ngaleyo ndlela ithola ngokugcwele ingxenye ye-CP futhi inqobe ukulahleka kokungafani kwe-3 dB polarization:
Ekugcineni, ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-DC, amagagasi ezigameko zokwahlukana okungahleliwe angamukelwa. Isibalo 7 sibonisa i-geometry ye-rectenna ebikiwe egcwele ukwahlukana.
Umfanekiso 7
Ngamafuphi, kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-WPT ezinezinsiza zikagesi ezizinikele, i-CP iyathandwa ngoba ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-WPT kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-engeli ye-polarization ye-antenna ingakanani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekutholeni imithombo eminingi, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni ye-ambient, ama-antenna agcwele i-polar angafinyelela ukwamukelwa okungcono kanye nokuphatheka okuphezulu; ukwakheka kwama-port amaningi/ama-rectifier amaningi kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlanganiswe amandla agcwele i-polarized ku-RF noma ku-DC.
Isifinyezo
Leli phepha libuyekeza inqubekela phambili yakamuva ekwakhiweni kwe-antenna ye-RFEH ne-WPT, futhi liphakamisa ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile kokwakhiwa kwe-antenna ye-RFEH ne-WPT okungakaze kuphakanyiswe ezincwadini zangaphambilini. Izidingo ezintathu eziyisisekelo ze-antenna zokufeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-RF-to-DC zihlonzwe njenge:
1. I-bandwidth ye-impedance yokulungisa i-antenna yamabhendi e-RFEH ne-WPT athakazelisayo;
2. Ukuqondanisa okuyinhloko kwe-lobe phakathi komthumeli kanye nomemukeli ku-WPT kusuka ku-feed ezinikele;
3. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-polarization phakathi kwe-rectenna kanye negagasi lesigameko kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-engeli nendawo.
Ngokusekelwe ku-impedance, ama-rectenna ahlukaniswa ngama-50Ω kanye nama-rectifier ahlanganisa ama-rectenna, kugxilwe ekufanisweni kwe-impedance phakathi kwama-band ahlukene kanye nemithwalo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwendlela ngayinye yokufanisa.
Izici zokukhanya kwe-SoA rectennas zibuyekezwe ngokombono wokuqondisa kanye nokuvuleka. Izindlela zokuthuthukisa inzuzo ngokushintshashintsha kwe-beamforming kanye nokupakisha ukuze kunqotshwe ububanzi obuncane be-beamwidth ziyaxoxwa. Okokugcina, ama-CP rectennas e-WPT ayabuyekezwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene ukuze kufezwe ukwamukelwa okuzimele kwe-WPT kanye ne-RFEH.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngama-antenna, sicela uvakashele:
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-16-2024
